Common Planner
K–12 Standards

Software and App Design

Other Arizona CTE sets

APPLY PROBLEM-SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLSSAD1.0

  • 1

    Establish objectives and outcomes for a taskSAD1.1

  • 2

    Explain the process of decomposing a large programming problem into smaller, more manageable proceduresSAD1.2

  • 3

    Explain “visualizing” as a problem-solving technique prior to writing codeSAD1.3

  • 4

    Describe problem-solving and troubleshooting strategies applicable to software developmentSAD1.4

RECOGNIZE SECURITY ISSUESSAD2.0

  • 1

    Identify common computer threats (e.g., viruses, phishing, suspicious email, social engineering, spoofing, identity theft, and spamming)SAD2.1

  • 2

    Describe potential vulnerabilities in software (e.g., OWASP’s Top 10)SAD2.2

  • 3

    Identify procedures to maintain data integrity and security (e.g., lock the screen, delete unrecognized emails, use trustworthy thumb drives, and use approved software)SAD2.3

  • 4

    Explain best practices to maintain integrity and security in software development (e.g., encryption, hashing, and digital signatures)SAD2.4

  • 5

    Describe methods for sanitizing user input to prevent issues (e.g., buffer overflows and SQL injection)SAD2.5

  • 6

    Explain the CIA (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) triadSAD2.6

  • 7

    Explain how software defects relate to software security (e.g., buffer overflows and cross-site scripting)SAD2.7

EXAMINE LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYSAD3.0

  • 1

    Explore intellectual property rights including software licensing and software duplication [e.g., Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), software licensing, and software duplication]SAD3.1

  • 2

    Compare and contrast open source and proprietary systems in relation to legal and ethical issues (e.g., data pricing, use of public and private networks, social networking, industry-related data, and data piracy)SAD3.2

  • 3

    Identify issues and regulations affecting computers, other devices, the internet, and information privacy (e.g., HIPAA, COPPA, CISPA, FERPA, PCI, GDPR, and data brokers)SAD3.3

UTILIZE PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES AND STRINGS IN WRITING PROGRAMSSAD4.0

  • 1

    Declare numeric, Boolean, character, string variables, and float and doubleSAD4.1

  • 2

    Choose the appropriate data type for a given situationSAD4.2

  • 3

    Identify the correct syntax and usage for constants and variables in a programSAD4.3

  • 4

    Identify the correct syntax and safe functions for operations on strings, including length, substring, and concatenationSAD4.4

  • 5

    Explain complications of storing and manipulating data (i.e., the Big-O notation for analyzing storage and efficiency concerns, etc.)SAD4.5

  • 6

    Research industry relevant programming languages (i.e., Java, JavaScript, Python, etc.)SAD4.6

PERFORM BASIC COMPUTER MATHEMATICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYSAD5.0

  • 1

    Apply basic mathematics to hardware (e.g., bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes)SAD5.1

  • 2

    Use binary to decimal, decimal to hexadecimal, hexadecimal to decimal, binary to hexadecimal, and binary to hexadecimal conversions to solve hardware and software problemsSAD5.2

  • 3

    Identify and correctly use arithmetic operations applying the order of operations (precedence) with respect to programmingSAD5.3

  • 4

    Interpret and construct mathematical formulasSAD5.4

  • 5

    Identify correct and problematic uses of integers, floating-point numbers, and fixed-point numbers in arithmeticSAD85.5

UTILIZE CONDITIONAL STRUCTURES IN WRITING PROGRAMSSAD6.0

  • 1

    Use the correct syntax for decision statements (e.g., if/else, if, and switch case) SAD6.1

  • 2

    Compare values using relational operators (e.g., =, >, <, >=, <=, and not equal)SAD6.2

  • 3

    Evaluate Boolean expressions (e.g., AND, OR, NOT, NOR, and XOR)SAD6.3

  • 4

    Use the correct nesting for decision structuresSAD6.4

UTILIZE ITERATIVE STRUCTURES IN WRITING PROGRAMSSAD7.0

  • 1

    Identify various types of iteration structure (e.g., while, for, for-each, and recursion) SAD7.1

  • 2

    Identify how loops are controlled (variable conditions and exits)SAD7.2

  • 3

    Use the correct syntax for nested loopsSAD7.3

  • 4

    Compute the values of variables involved with nested loopsSAD7.4

UTILIZE BASIC DATA STRUCTURES IN WRITING PROGRAMSSAD8.0

  • 1

    Demonstrate basic uses of arrays including initialization, storage, and retrieval of valuesSAD8.1

  • 2

    Distinguish between arrays and hash maps (associative arrays)SAD8.2

  • 3

    Identify techniques for declaring, initializing, and modifying user-defined data typesSAD8.3

  • 4

    Search and sort data in an arraySAD8.4

  • 5

    Create and use two-dimensional arraysSAD8.5

  • 6

    Describe the efficiency of different sorting algorithms (e.g., bubble, insertion, and merge)SAD8.6

  • 7

    Describe the efficiency of linear vs. binary searches [e.g., O(n) and O(log n)] SAD8.7

IDENTIFY INTERNET PROTOCOLS AND OPERATIONSSAD9.0

  • 1

    Explain cloud-based computing and content delivery networksSAD9.1

  • 2

    Identify the components and functions of the internet (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, IP addresses, and IMAP)SAD9.2

  • 3

    Identify services run by web servers [e.g., scripting languages (client- and server-side scripting), databases, and media]SAD9.3

  • 4

    Identify performance issues (e.g., bandwidth, internet connection types, pages loading slowly, resolution, and size graphics)SAD9.4

  • 5

    Differentiate among shared hosting, dedicated server, and virtual private server (VPS)SAD9.5

  • 6

    Identify Internet of Things (IOT) and common communication interfaces (e.g., Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-Fi, and LTE)SAD9.6

APPLY CLIENT-SIDE INTERNET SOFTWARESAD10.0

  • 1

    Identify key components and functions of internet and web specialty browsersSAD10.1

  • 2

    Use client collaboration sources/platforms (e.g., GitHub, Google Drive, Dropbox, JSFiddle, and browser developer tools)SAD10.2

  • 3

    Analyze remote computing tools and services and their applicationSAD10.3

DEMONSTRATE PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND DESIGNSAD11.0

  • 1

    Implement the steps in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (e.g., planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance)SAD11.1

  • 2

    Develop program requirements/specifications and a testing plan (e.g., user stories, automated testing, and test procedures)SAD11.2

  • 3

    Apply pseudocode or graphical representations to plan the structure of a program or module (e.g., flowcharting, white boarding, and UML)SAD11.3

  • 4

    Create and implement basic algorithms SAD11.4

DEVELOP A PROGRAM SAD12.0

  • 1

    Use a program editor to enter and modify codeSAD12.1

  • 2

    Identify correct input/output statementsSAD12.2

  • 3

    Choose the correct method of assigning input to variables including data sanitizationSAD12.3

  • 4

    Choose the correct method of outputting data with formatting and escapingSAD12.4

  • 5

    Differentiate between interpreted and compiled code (e.g., steps necessary to run executable code)SAD12.5

  • 6

    Identify the purpose of a build system (e.g., make, rake, ant, maven, SCons, and grunt)SAD12.6

  • 7

    Apply industry standards in documentation (e.g., self-documenting code; function-level, program-level, and user-level documentation)SAD12.7

  • 8

    Name identifiers and formatting code by applying recognized conventionsSAD12.8

  • 9

    Demonstrate refactoring techniques to reduce repetitious code and improve maintainabilitySAD12.9

  • 10

    Demonstrate the use of parameters to pass data into program modulesSAD12.10

  • 11

    Demonstrate the use of return values from modulesSAD12.11

TEST AND DEBUG TO VERIFY PROGRAM OPERATIONSAD13.0

  • 1

    Identify errors in program modulesSAD13.1

  • 2

    Identify boundary cases and generate appropriate test dataSAD13.2

  • 3

    Perform integration testing including tests within a program to protect execution from bad input or other run-time errorsSAD13.3

  • 4

    Categorize, identify, and correct errors in code, including syntax, semantic, logic, and runtimeSAD13.4

  • 5

    Perform different methods of debugging (e.g., hand-trace code and real time debugging tools)SAD13.5

UTILIZE AND CREATE COMMUNITY RESOURCESSAD14.0

  • 1

    Use standard library functionsSAD14.1

  • 2

    Find and use third party libraries (e.g., web-based and package managers)SAD14.2

  • 3

    Explain and interact with an Application Program Interface (API)SAD14.3

 USE VERSION CONTROL SYSTEMSSAD15.0

  • 1

    Identify the purpose of version control systems (e.g., Git and Mercurial)SAD15.1

  • 2

    Create a new repositorySAD15.2

  • 3

    Add, push, and pull source code from repositorySAD15.3

  • 4

    Explain branching and its usesSAD15.4

  • 5

    Restore previous versions of code from the repositorySAD15.5

APPLY USER DESIGN PRINCIPLES TO INCLUDE WEBSITES AND APPLICATIONSSAD16.0

  • 1

    Apply W3C standards and style conventionsSAD16.1

  • 2

    Construct web pages and applications that are compliant with ADA and sections 504 and 508 standardsSAD16.2

  • 3

    Explain the concept of responsive design and applicationsSAD16.3

  • 4

    Employ graphics methods to create images at specified locationsSAD16.4

  • 5

    Choose correct GUI objects for input and output of data to the GUI interface (e.g., text boxes, labels, radio buttons, check boxes, dropdowns, and list boxes)SAD16.5.

USE AND UPDATE DATA STORAGE AND MANAGEMENTSAD17.0

  • 1

    Input/output data from a sequential file or databaseSAD17.1

  • .

    Demonstrate creating, reading, updating, and dropping a databaseSAD17.2

  • 3

    Demonstrate the proper use of SQL database applications that work with different languages (e.g., MongoDB, Microsoft Access, Oracle Databases, and Code.org’s App Lab)SAD17.3

EMPLOY OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUESSAD18.0

  • 1

    Make a distinction between an object and a classSAD18.1

  • 2

    Differentiate among inheritance, composition, and class relationshipsSAD18.2

  • 3

    Instantiate objects from existing classesSAD18.3

  • 4

    Read the state of an object by invoking accessor methodsSAD18.4

  • 5

    Change the state of an object by invoking a modifier methodSAD18.5

  • 6

    Determine the requirements for constructing new objects by reading the documentationSAD18.6

  • 7

    Create a user-defined classSAD18.7

  • 8

    Create a subclass of an existing classSAD18.8

  • 9

    Identify the use of an abstract class as opposed to an interfaceSAD18.9

  • 10

    Explain the object-oriented concepts of polymorphism, inheritance, and encapsulation SAD18.10

EMPLOY RUNTIME AND ERROR HANDLING TECHNIQUESSAD19.0

  • 1

    Identify runtime errorsSAD19.1

  • 2

    Describe error handling strategiesSAD19.2

  • 3

    Handle unexpected return valuesSAD19.3

  • 4

    Handle (catch) runtime errors and take appropriate actionSAD19.4

  • 5

    Throw standard exception classesSAD19.5

  • 6

    Develop and throw custom exception classesSAD19.6

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12

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