What grade levels do these standards cover?

Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12

Where can I read the official document?

Grade 9-12 Government Item Specifications

K–12 Standards

Government 9-12 Expanded
Other Missouri Social Studies sets
Grade K
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
6-8 American History (2016)
6-8 Ancient World History
Grades 6-8: American History CW (2018)
Grades 6, 7, 8
Grades 9, 10, 11, 12

Tools of Social Science InquiryI

1
History: Continuity and ChangeI.1
1. A
  Create and use tools to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government. I.1.A
  a
  create diagrams to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.a
  b
  create charts to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.b
  c
  create maps to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.c
  d
  create timelines to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.d
  e
  use diagrams to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.e
  f
  use charts to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.f
  g
  use maps to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.g
  h
  use timelines to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.h
  i
  use primary sources to analyze a chronological sequence of events related to a study of government I.1.A.i
  j
  use primary sources to identify cause and effect relationships between events related to a study of government I.1.A.j
2. B
  Explain connections between historical context and peoples’ perspectives about government at the time. I.1.B
  a
  explain connections between historical/political context and peoples’ perspectives about government during various time periods I.1.B.a
  b
  explain connections between historical/social context and peoples’ perspectives about government during various time periods I.1.B.b
  c
  explain connections between historical/economic context and peoples’ perspectives about government during various time periods I.1.B.c
3. C
  Develop a research plan, identify appropriate resources for investigating social studies topics, and create and present a research product which applies an aspect of government to a contemporary issue. I.1.C
  a
  develop a research plan which applies an aspect of government to a contemporary issue I.1.C.a
  b
  identify appropriate resources for investigating social studies topics I.1.C.b
  c
  create a research product which applies an aspect of government to a contemporary issue I.1.C.c
  d
  present a research product which applies an aspect of government to a contemporary issue I.1.C.d
  i
  Pose a compelling central question.  I.1.C.d.i
  ii
  Explain how the question builds on the ideas of experts.  I.1.C.d.ii
  iii
  Use specific supporting questions grounded in expert ideas.  I.1.C.d.iii
  iv
  Identify additional questions related to the central question.  I.1.C.d.iv
  v
  Consult multiple significant sources of various types.  I.1.C.d.v
  vi
  Critique the strengths and weakness of other ideas.  I.1.C.d.vi
  vii
  Apply an appropriate discipline lens to explain or argue in a precise nuanced way.  I.1.C.d.vii
  viii
  Plan and deliver a presentation based on task, audience, and purpose.  I.1.C.d.viii
  ix
  Make strategic use of multimedia presentations. I.1.C.d.ix
4. D
  Using an inquiry lens, develop compelling questions about government, determine helpful resources and consider multiple points of views represented in the resources. I.1.D
  a
  understand an inquiry lens uses disciplinary lenses I.1.D.a
  i
  conceptsI.1.D.a.i
  ii
  knowledgeI.1.D.a.ii
  iii
  reasoningI.1.D.a.iii
  iv
  toolsI.1.D.a.iv
  v
  viewpointsI.1.D.a.v
  b
  using an inquiry lens, develop compelling questions about government I.1.D.b
  c
  using an inquiry lens, determine helpful resources for investigating compelling questions about government I.1.D.c
  d
  using an inquiry lens, consider multiple points of view represented in those resources I.1.D.e
5. E
  Analyze the causes and consequences of a specific issue tied to government as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address the problem. I.1.E
  a
  clearly, thoroughly, and precisely define a specific issue tied to government I.1.E.a
  b
  analyze the causes of a specific issue tied to government using multiple significant examples from different contexts I.1.E.b
  c
  analyze the consequences of a specific issue tied to government using multiple significant examples from different contexts I.1.E.c
  d
  analyze the challenges faced by those trying to address the problems of a specific issue tied to government I.1.E.d
  e
  prioritize the challenges faced by those trying to address the problems of a specific issue tied to government I.1.E.e
  f
  analyze the opportunities faced by those trying to address the problems of a specific issue tied to government I.1.E.f
  g
  prioritize the opportunities faced by those trying to address the problems of a specific issue tied to government I.1.E.g
2
Government Systems and PrinciplesI.2
1. A
  Analyze laws, policies, and processes to determine how governmental systems affect individuals and groups in society. I.2.A
  a
  analyze laws to determine how governmental systems have intended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.a
  b
  analyze laws to determine how governmental systems have unintended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.b
  c
  analyze laws to determine how governmental systems have intended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.c
  d
  analyze laws to determine how governmental systems have unintended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.d
  e
  analyze policies to determine how governmental systems have intended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.e
  f
  analyze policies to determine how governmental systems have unintended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.f
  g
  analyze policies to determine how governmental systems have intended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.g
  h
  analyze policies to determine how governmental systems have unintended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.h
  i
  analyze processes to determine how governmental systems have intended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.i
  j
  analyze processes to determine how governmental systems have unintended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.j
  k
  analyze processes to determine how governmental systems have intended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.k
  l
  analyze processes to determine how governmental systems have unintended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.l
  m
  consider a political decision and make predictions about intended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.m
  n
  consider a political decision and make predictions about unintended consequences for individuals in society I.2.A.n
  o
  consider a political decision and make predictions about intended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.o
  p
  consider a political decision and make predictions about unintended consequences for groups in society I.2.A.p
2. B
  Distinguish the powers and responsibilities of citizens and institutions to address and solve problems. I.2.B
  a
  identify the powers of citizens to address and solve problems I.2.B.a
  b
  identify the responsibilities of citizens to address and solve problems I.2.B.b
  c
  understand institutions I.2.B.c
  d
  identify the powers of institutions to address and solve problems I.2.B.d
  e
  identify the responsibilities of institutions to address and solve problems I.2.B.e
  f
  develop a plan that seeks to solve a problem in the community, state or country I.2.B.f
3
Geographic StudyI.3
1. A
  Create and use maps and other graphic representations in order to explain relationships and reveal patterns or trends about government. I.3.A
  a
  create maps based on data supported by facts I.3.A.a
  b
  create visuals based on data supported by facts I.3.A.b
  c
  create charts based on data supported by facts I.3.A.c
  d
  create graphs based on data supported by facts I.3.A.d
  e
  create diagrams based on data supported by facts I.3.A.e
  f
  use maps to explain relationships about government I.3.A.f
  g
  use visuals to explain relationships about government I.3.A.g
  h
  use charts to explain relationships about government I.3.A.h
  i
  use graphs to explain relationships about government I.3.A.i
  j
  use diagrams to explain relationships about government I.3.A.j
  k
  use maps to reveal patterns or trends about government I.3.A.k
  l
  use visuals to reveal patterns or trends about government I.3.A.l
  m
  use charts to reveal patterns or trends about government I.3.A.m
  n
  use graphs to reveal patterns or trends about government I.3.A.n
  o
  use diagrams to reveal patterns or trends about government I.3.A.o
  p
  determine relevant sources of information based on context I.3.A.p
2. B
  Analyze the relationship between of the geography of the original 13 colonies and the formation of United States government. I.3.B
  a
  analyze how physical geography affected the creation of the U.S. Constitution I.3.B.a
  b
  analyze how cultural geography affected the creation of the U.S. Constitution I.3.B.b
  c
  analyze how physical geography affected the creation of the Declaration of Independence I.3.B.c
  d
  analyze how cultural geography affected the creation of the Declaration of Independence I.3.B.d
  e
  analyze how physical geography affected historical changes to the processes of government I.3.B.e
  f
  analyze how cultural geography affected historical changes to the processes of government I.3.B.f
4
Economic ConceptsI.4
1. A
  Examine the opportunity costs and benefits of economic decisions on society as a whole as well as on individuals and governments. I.4.A
  a
  understand opportunity cost I.4.A.a
  b
  understand cost/benefit analysis I.4.A.b
  c
  examine the opportunity cost to individuals for individual economic decisions I.4.A.c
  d
  examine the opportunity cost to governments for individual economic decisions I.4.A.d
  e
  examine the real cost(s) to individuals for individual economic decisions I.4.A.e
  f
  examine the real cost(s) to governments for individual economic decisions I.4.A.f
  g
  examine the benefit(s) to individuals for individual economic decisions I.4.A.g
  h
  examine the benefit(s) to governments for individual economic decisions I.4.A.h
  i
  examine the opportunity cost to individuals for public (governmental) economic decisions I.4.A.i
  j
  examine the opportunity cost to governments for public (governmental) economic decisions I.4.A.j
  k
  examine the real cost(s) to individuals for public (governmental) economic decisions I.4.A.k
  l
  examine the real cost(s) to governments for public (governmental) economic decisions I.4.A.l
  m
  examine the benefit(s) to individuals for public (governmental) economic decisions I.4.A.m
  n
  examine the benefit(s) to governments for public (governmental) economic decisions I.4.A.n
5
People, Groups, and CulturesI.5
1. A
  Using a government lens, describe how peoples’ perspectives shaped the sources/artifacts they created. I.5.A
  a
  when analyzing primary sources, consider point-of-view I.5.A.a
  b
  when analyzing primary sources, consider bias I.5.A.b
  c
  when analyzing primary sources, consider audience I.5.A.c
  d
  when analyzing primary sources, consider purpose I.5.A.d
  e
  when analyzing primary sources, consider political circumstances I.5.A.e
  f
  when analyzing primary sources, consider social circumstances I.5.A.f
  g
  when analyzing primary sources, consider economic circumstances I.5.A.g
2. B
  Examine the origins and impact of social structures and stratification on societies, and relationships between peoples and governments. I.5.B
  a
  examine origins of social stratification I.5.B.a
  b
  examine origins of economic stratification I.5.B.b
  c
  examine origins of ethnic stratification I.5.B.c
  d
  examine origins of gender stratification I.5.B.d
  e
  examine impacts of social stratification I.5.B.e
  f
  examine impacts of economic stratification I.5.B.f
  g
  examine impacts of ethnic stratification I.5.B.g
  h
  examine impacts of gender stratification I.5.B.h
  i
  identify cause-and-effect relationships between social stratification and government I.5.B.i
  j
  identify cause-and-effect relationships between economic stratification and government I.5.B.j
  k
  identify cause-and-effect relationships between ethnic stratification and government I.5.B.k
  l
  identify cause-and-effect relationships between gender stratification and government I.5.B.l
  m
  articulate challenges of diversity in society I.5.B.m
  n
  articulate benefits of diversity in society I.5.B.n

Historical FoundationsII

1
History: Continuity and ChangeII.1
1. A
  Trace the evolution of government in the English colonies to explain American colonists’ expectations for self-rule. II.1.A
  a
  PhilosophiesII.1.A.a
  i
  Enlightenment eraII.1.A.a.i
  ii
  Social contract theoryII.1.A.a.ii
  b
  DocumentsII.1.A.b
  i
  Magna CartaII.1.A.b.i
  ii
  Mayflower CompactII.1.A.b.ii
  iii
  Common SenseII.1.A.b.iii
  c
  EventsII.1.A.c
  i
  Establishment of colonial legislatures (House of Burgesses) II.1.A.c.i
  ii
  Salutary neglectII.1.A.c.ii
  iii
  Continental CongressesII.1.A.c.iii
2. B
  Analyze the Declaration of Independence to determine the influence of classical and Enlightenment thought on revolutionary ideals. II.1.B
  a
  Declaration of IndependenceII.1.B.a
  b
  Natural rights / John LockeII.1.B.b
  c
  Unalienable rightsII.1.B.c
  d
  Right to revolutionII.1.B.d
  e
  Consent of the governedII.1.B.e
  f
  Social contractII.1.B.f
  g
  Popular sovereigntyII.1.B.g
3. C
  Evaluate the extent to which decisions made in the Constitutional Convention were influenced by previous models of government and experiences under British rule. II.1.C
  a
  distinguish parts of the U.S. ConstitutionII.1.C.a
  b
  Greece: direct democracyII.1.C.b
  c
  Rome: representative democracy (republic)II.1.C.c
  d
  British Parliament (separation of powers)II.1.C.d
  e
  Bicameral legislatureII.1.C.e
  f
  Rule of LawII.1.C.f
4. D
  Compare and contrast the structure and function of democratic governments and authoritarian governments, noting their impact on people, groups and societies. II.1.D
  a
  identify the effects that democratic governments have on peoples’ freedomsII.1.D.a
  b
  identify the effects that democratic governments have on peoples’ protectionsII.1.D.b
  c
  identify the effects that democratic governments have on peoples’ civic participationII.1.D.c
  d
  identify the effects that authoritarian governments have on peoples’ freedomsII.1.D.d
  e
  identify the effects that authoritarian governments have on peoples’ protectionsII.1.D.e
  f
  identify the effects that authoritarian governments have on peoples’ civic participationII.1.D.f
  g
  identify source of power for democratic governments - will of the peopleII.1.D.g
  h
  identify sources of power for authoritarian governmentsII.1.D.h
  i
  forceII.1.D.h.i
  ii
  heredityII.1.D.h.ii
  iii
  divine rightII.1.D.h.iii
  i
  describe advantages of democratic governments with regards to participationII.1.D.i
  j
  describe advantages of democratic governments with regards to majority rule / minority rightsII.1.D.j
  k
  describe advantages of democratic governments with regards to rights of citizensII.1.D.k
  l
  describe disadvantages of democratic governments with regards to participationII.1.D.l
  m
  describe disadvantages of democratic governments with regards to majority rule / minority rightsII.1.D.m
  n
  describe disadvantages of democratic governments with regards to rights of citizensII.1.D.n
  o
  describe advantages of authoritarian governments with regards to participationII.1.D.o
  p
  describe advantages of authoritarian governments with regards to majority rule / minority rightsII.1.D.p
  q
  describe advantages of authoritarian governments with regards to rights of citizensII.1.D.q
  r
  describe disadvantages of authoritarian governments with regards to participationII.1.D.r
  s
  describe disadvantages of authoritarian governments with regards to majority rule / minority rightsII.1.D.s
  t
  describe disadvantages of authoritarian governments with regards to rights of citizensII.1.D.t
  u
  identify the four functions of governmentII.1.D.u
  i
  maintain orderII.1.D.u.i
  ii
  provide for the common goodII.1.D.u.ii
  iii
  ensure national securityII.1.D.u.iii
  iv
  resolve conflictII.1.D.u.iv
  v
  identify characteristics of a stateII.1.D.v
  i
  populationII.1.D.v.i
  ii
  territoryII.1.D.v.ii
  iii
  governmentII.1.D.v.iii
  iv
  sovereigntyII.1.D.v.iv
2
Government Systems and PrinciplesII.2
1. A
  Analyze how the codification of law impacted early civilizations and shaped enduring concepts government, law, and social order. II.2.A
  a
  Hammurabi's CodeII.2.A.a
  b
  search and seizure rightsII.2.A.b
  c
  property rightsII.2.A.c
  d
  punishment rightsII.2.A.d
2. B
  Apply the concepts of natural law, social contract, due process of law, and popular sovereignty to explain the purposes and legacy of the Declaration of Independence. II.2.B
  a
  explain purposes of the Declaration of IndependenceII.2.B.a
  b
  explain legacy of the Declaration of IndependenceII.2.B.b
  c
  natural rightsII.2.B.c
  d
  social contractII.2.B.d
  e
  due process of lawII.2.B.e
  i
  procedural due processII.2.B.e.i
  ii
  substantive due processII.2.B.e.ii
  f
  popular sovereigntyII.2.B.f
  g
  limited governmentII.2.B.g
3. C
  Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation to explain its failure as a national government. II.2.C
  a
  Articles as America's first constitutionII.2.C.a
  b
  strengthsII.2.C.b
  i
  winning the Revolutionary WarII.2.C.b.i
  ii
  Northwest OrdinanceII.2.C.b.ii
  c
  weaknessesII.2.C.c
  i
  lack of executive powerII.2.C.c.i
  ii
  lack of judicial powerII.2.C.c.ii
  iii
  could not taxII.2.C.c.iii
  iv
  9 of 13 votes needed to write a lawII.2.C.c.iv
  v
  unanimous vote needed to amendII.2.C.c.v
  vi
  lack of power to regulate trade between the statesII.2.C.c.vi
  vii
  lack of power to regulate agreements between states and foreign nationsII.2.C.c.vii
  d
  Shays's RebellionII.2.C.d
3
Geographic StudyII.3
1. A
  Analyze how geography of North America influenced the governmental systems which developed there. II.3.A
  a
  physical separation of the colonies from EnglandII.3.A.a
  b
  salutary neglectII.3.A.b
  c
  federalism / state government / local government/ citizen controlII.3.A.c
4
Economic ConceptsII.4
1. A
  Analyze the impact of economics and economic theories on the formation of United States governmental ideals, principles and structures. II.4.A
  a
  define various economic systemsII.4.A.a
  i
  capitalism / free marketII.4.A.a.i
  ii
  laissez-faire / free marketII.4.A.a.ii
  iii
  mixed economiesII.4.A.a.iii
  iv
  socialismII.4.A.a.iv
  b
  analyze the impact of a free market system on the formation of U.S. governmental idealsII.4.A.b
  c
  analyze the impact of a free market system on the formation of U.S. governmental principlesII.4.A.c
  d
  analyze the impact of a free market system on the formation of U.S. governmental structuresII.4.A.d
  e
  determine where governmental decisions fall on the continuum of economic systemsII.4.A.e
5
People, Groups, and CulturesII.5
1. A
  Analyze the varying perspectives of individuals and groups to explain emerging divisions and political philosophies as the United States was founded. II.5.A
  a
  show how political differences began to emerge during the Constitutional ConventionII.5.A.a
  b
  show how political differences began to emerge during the ratification debateII.5.A.b
  c
  sort perspectives of Federalist and Anti-Federalist writersII.5.A.c
  d
  critique Federalist arguments in the ratification debateII.5.A.d
  e
  critique Anti-Federalist arguments in the ratification debateII.5.A.e

Structure of GovernmentIII

1
History: Continuity and ChangeIII.1
1. A
  Explain how the central debates of the Constitutional Convention were resolved. III.1.A
  a
  Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Connecticut CompromiseIII.1.A.a
  b
  3/5 CompromiseIII.1.A.b
  c
  Slave Trade CompromiseIII.1.A.c
2. B
  Explain how concerns over a strong central government were addressed to provide for ratification of the Constitution. III.1.B
  a
  differentiate arguments of Federalists and Anti-FederalistsIII.1.B.a
  b
  analyze excerpts from The Federalist PapersIII.1.B.b
  c
  Bill of Rights as compromiseIII.1.B.c
3. C
  Trace the significant changes in roles, powers and size of the three branches of government. III.1.C
  a
  impact of the elastic clauseIII.1.C.a
  b
  impact of the commerce clauseIII.1.C.b
  c
  impact of Marbury v MadisonIII.1.C.c
  d
  impact of McCulloch v MarylandIII.1.C.d
  e
  impact of the New DealIII.1.C.e
  f
  impact of 14th Amendment incorporationIII.1.C.f
  g
  impact of judicial activismIII.1.C.g
  h
  impact of USA PATRIOT ActIII.1.C.h
4. D
  Analyze the changing relationship between state and federal governmental powers. III.1.D
  a
  federalism as expressed inIII.1.D.a
  i
  exclusive powersIII.1.D.a.i
  ii
  reserved powers and 10th AmendmentIII.1.D.a.ii
  iii
  concurrent powersIII.1.D.a.iii
  iv
  denied powersIII.1.D.a.iv
  v
  supremacy clauseIII.1.D.a.v
  b
  McCulloch v MarylandIII.1.D.b
  c
  myth of nullificationIII.1.D.c
  d
  14th Amendment incorporationIII.1.D.d
  e
  changing forms of federalismIII.1.D.e
  i
  dual federalismIII.1.D.e.i
  ii
  creative federalismIII.1.D.e.ii
  iii
  fiscal federalismIII.1.D.e.iii
  iv
  new federalismIII.1.D.e.iv
2
Government Systems and PrinciplesIII.2
1. A
  Apply the concepts of due process of law, popular sovereignty, rule of law, representation, and federalism to explain the purpose and legacy of the Constitution. III.2.A
  a
  understand how constitutional principles support limited governmentIII.2.A.a
  i
  rule of lawIII.2.A.a.i
  ii
  representationIII.2.A.a.ii
  iii
  due process of lawIII.2.A.a.iii
  iv
  popular sovereigntyIII.2.A.a.iv
  v
  federalismIII.2.A.a.v
  b
  use these principles to analyze historical and current interpretations of the US ConstitutionIII.2.A.b
2. B
  Analyze the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution to determine their success in implementing the ideals of the Declaration of Independence. III.2.B
  a
  draw connections between Articles of Confederation / US Constitution andIII.2.B.a
  i
  natural rights / John LockeIII.2.B.a.i
  ii
  social contractIII.2.B.a.ii
  iii
  due process of lawIII.2.B.a.iii
  iv
  popular sovereigntyIII.2.B.a.iv
  b
  evaluate extent to which the Articles of Confederation allowed individuals and groups equal access to the ideals of equality represented in the Declaration of IndependenceIII.2.B.b
  c
  evaluate extent to which the US Constitution allows individuals and groups equal access to the ideals of equality represented in the Declaration of IndependenceIII.2.B.c
3. C
  Analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government to determine how they function and interact. III.2.C
  a
  identify the roles, responsibilities, and powers of the legislative branchIII.2.C.a
  i
  creates lawsIII.2.C.a.i
  ii
  how a bill becomes a lawIII.2.C.a.ii
  iii
  committeesIII.2.C.a.iii
  iv
  elastic clauseIII.2.C.a.iv
  b
  identify the roles, responsibilities, and powers of the executive branchIII.2.C.b
  i
  enforces lawsIII.2.C.b.i
  ii
  executive ordersIII.2.C.b.ii
  iii
  pardonsIII.2.C.b.iii
  iv
  executive appointmentsIII.2.C.b.iv
  v
  president's cabinet general role and functionIII.2.C.b.v
  vi
  roles of the presidentIII.2.C.b.vi
  c
  identify the roles, responsibilities, and powers of the judicial branchIII.2.C.c
  ii
  judicial reviewIII.2.C.c.ii
  i
  interprets law and resolves conflictIII.2.C.c.i
  iii
  federal judicial court structureIII.2.C.c.iii
4. D
  Describe and give examples of how the constitutional principle of checks and balances limits the powers of government and leaders. III.2.D
  a
  identify which branch is being checked and what type of check is happening in a given scenarioIII.2.D.a
  b
  provide examples to explain why we have a system of checks and balancesIII.2.D.b
  i
  vetoIII.2.D.b.i
  ii
  veto overrideIII.2.D.b.ii
  iii
  impeachmentIII.2.D.b.iii
  iv
  judicial reviewIII.2.D.b.iv
  v
  judicial appointmentsIII.2.D.b.v
  vi
  Senate approvalIII.2.D.b.vi
  vii
  limited governmentIII.2.D.b.vii
5. E
  Explain how the Bill of Rights and subsequent amendments limit the power of government, protect individual liberty, and provide for equality under the law. III.2.E
  a
  articulate the purpose of the amendments that apply to equality, people, and governmentIII.2.E.a
  i
  limited government: 1st, 4th, 5th, 8thIII.2.E.a.i
  ii
  individual protections: 2nd, 6th, 13th, 24thIII.2.E.a.ii
  iii
  equality: 14th, 15th, 19th, 26thIII.2.E.a.iii
  b
  provided a scenario, identify rights or constitutional protections in specific amendmentsIII.2.E.b
  i
  limited government: 1st, 4th, 5th, 8thIII.2.E.b.i
  ii
  individual protections: 2nd, 6th, 13th, 24thIII.2.E.b.ii
  iii
  equality: 14th, 15th, 19th, 26thIII.2.E.b.iii
6. F
  Compare the structure and functions of local, state and federal governments. III.2.F
  a
  sort governmental structures of federal, state, and local institutionsIII.2.F.a
  b
  explain how state or local governmental institutions make, enforce, and interpret lawsIII.2.F.b
3
Geographic StudyIII.3
1. A
  noneIII.3.A
4
Economic ConceptsIII.4
1. A
  Compare trade, monetary policy, and taxation under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. III.4.A
  a
  explain how the US Constitution addressed weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation regardingIII.4.A.a
  i
  interstate tradeIII.4.A.a.i
  ii
  monetary policyIII.4.A.a.ii
  iii
  taxationIII.4.A.a.iii
2. B
  Analyze the changing roles of government in the economy throughout United States history. III.4.B
  a
  analyze economic impact ofIII.4.B.a
  i
  laissez-faireIII.4.B.a.i
  ii
  national bankIII.4.B.a.ii
  iii
  Federal ReserveIII.4.B.a.iii
  iv
  New DealIII.4.B.a.iv
  v
  Great SocietyIII.4.B.a.v
  vi
  ReaganomicsIII.4.B.a.vi
5
People, Groups, and CulturesIII.5
1. A
  Analyze the varying perspectives of individuals and groups regarding the development of the American governmental system to explain emerging divisions and political philosophies. III.5.A
  a
  impact of events on the role of government and the role of individualsIII.5.A.a
  i
  Federalist and Anti-FederalistIII.5.A.a.i
  ii
  New DealIII.5.A.a.ii
  iii
  Civil rights movementIII.5.A.a.iii
  iv
  Great SocietyIII.5.A.a.iv
  v
  New ConservatismIII.5.A.a.v
2. B
  Evaluate the intended and unintended impact of government decision making on individuals, groups, and society. III.5.B
  a
  identify the pros and cons of governmental decisions on individuals and groupsIII.5.B.a
  b
  identify the intended and unintended consequences of governmental decision on individuals and groupsIII.5.B.b
  i
  Brown v Board of EducationIII.5.B.b.i
  ii
  Affirmative ActionIII.5.B.b.ii
  iii
  Fiscal PolicyIII.5.B.b.iii
  iv
  Tax PolicyIII.5.B.b.iv
  v
  Right to WorkIII.5.B.b.v
  vi
  Immigration PolicyIII.5.B.b.vi
  vii
  Environmental Protection AgencyIII.5.B.b.vii

Government in ActionIV

1
History: Continuity and ChangeIV.1
1. A
  Analyze the changing power relationships between branches of the United States government over time. IV.1.A
  a
  use primary sources to draw conclusions about how the roles of each of the branches have changed over timeIV.1.A.a
  b
  use secondary sources to draw conclusions about how the roles of each of the branches have changed over timeIV.1.A.b
  c
  analyze shifts in power among the three branches of government due toIV.1.A.c
  i
  elastic clauseIV.1.A.c.i
  ii
  Marbury v. MadisonIV.1.A.c.ii
  iii
  The New DealIV.1.A.c.iii
  iv
  14th Amendment incorporationIV.1.A.c.iv
  v
  judicial activismIV.1.A.c.v
  vi
  USA PATRIOT ActIV.1.A.c.vi
2. B
  Analyze changing ideals regarding an “active judiciary,” an “active legislature” and an “active executive branch” in United States government over time. IV.1.B
  a
  identify perspectives on judicial activismIV.1.B.a
  c
  identify perspectives on judicial restraintIV.1.B.c
  b
  interpret perspectives on judicial restraintIV.1.B.b
  d
  interpret perspectives on judicial restraintIV.1.B.d
3. C
  Explain the powers and responsibilities of citizens and institutions to address and solve problems. IV.1.C
  a
  referendumIV.1.C.a
  b
  recallIV.1.C.b
  c
  initiativeIV.1.C.c
  d
  petitionIV.1.C.d
  e
  advocacyIV.1.C.e
  i
  individualsIV.1.C.e.i
  ii
  political partiesIV.1.C.e.ii
  iii
  interest groupsIV.1.C.e.iii
2
Government Systems and PrinciplesIV.2
1. A
  Evaluate the role and influence of contemporary political parties on government. IV.2.A
  a
  explain how political parties impact the operation of governmentIV.2.A.a
  i
  federal governmentIV.2.A.a.i
  ii
  state governmentIV.2.A.a.ii
  iii
  local governmentIV.2.A.a.iii
  iv
  relationships between levels of governmentIV.2.A.a.iv
  b
  determine the role of political parties in decision-makingIV.2.A.b
  c
  determine the pros and cons of political parties in decision-making by the governmentIV.2.A.c
  i
  provide candidates for electionsIV.2.A.c.i
  ii
  inform the public about issuesIV.2.A.c.ii
  iii
  gerrymandering, etcIV.2.A.c.iii
2. B
  Explain a citizen’s legal obligations, as well as opportunities, for engaging with and using local, state, and federal governments to shape decision making. IV.2.B
  a
  determine the significance of individual and group actions toward the promotion of the common goodIV.2.B.a
  b
  identify citizens' political rightsIV.2.B.b
  i
  votingIV.2.B.b.i
  ii
  letter writingIV.2.B.b.ii
  iii
  protestingIV.2.B.b.iii
  iv
  attending meetingsIV.2.B.b.iv
  v
  being educated and informedIV.2.B.b.v
  vi
  using initiative/referendum/recallIV.2.B.b.vi
  c
  identify citizens' political responsibilitiesIV.2.B.c
  i
  selective serviceIV.2.B.c.i
  ii
  paying taxesIV.2.B.c.ii
  iii
  following lawsIV.2.B.c.iii
  iv
  jury dutyIV.2.B.c.iv
3. C
  Compare the various processes pertaining to the selection of political leaders at the federal, state, and local level. IV.2.C
  a
  differentiate between primary and general electionsIV.2.C.a
  b
  explain the purpose and process of the Electoral CollegeIV.2.C.b
  c
  differentiate between the Electoral College and direct electionsIV.2.C.c
  d
  explain procedures for nominating and confirming judgesIV.2.C.d
  e
  explain procedures for nominating and confirming heads of executive departments and agenciesIV.2.C.e
3
Geographic StudyIV.3
1. A
  Analyze state and federal electoral results to determine the influence of social, regional and demographic characteristics. IV.3.A
  a
  make generalizations and find trends about how groups of people have voted based onIV.3.A.a
  i
  genderIV.3.A.a.i
  ii
  ageIV.3.A.a.ii
  iii
  ethnicityIV.3.A.a.iii
  iv
  incomeIV.3.A.a.iv
  v
  religionIV.3.A.a.v
  vi
  educationIV.3.A.a.vi
  vii
  urban v ruralIV.3.A.a.vii
  viii
  regional voting patternsIV.3.A.a.viii
  b
  make election predictions based on generalizationsIV.3.A.b
4
Economic ConceptsIV.4
1. A
  Analyze the role that people, businesses, and government play in taxation and spending required to maintain the public good. IV.4.A
  a
  show the value and virtue of paying taxes to benefit individualsIV.4.A.a
  b
  show the value and virtue of paying taxes to benefit businessesIV.4.A.b
  c
  show the value and virtue of paying taxes to benefit the common goodIV.4.A.c
  d
  identify public goodsIV.4.A.d
  e
  explain how fiscal policy determines who pays taxesIV.4.A.e
  f
  explain how fiscal policy affects individuals and groupsIV.4.A.f
  i
  progressive taxesIV.4.A.f.i
  ii
  regressive taxesIV.4.A.f.ii
  iii
  direct taxesIV.4.A.f.iii
  iv
  indirect taxesIV.4.A.f.iv
  g
  explain how collected taxes are usedIV.4.A.g
5
People, Groups, and CulturesIV.5
1. A
  Explain how political parties and interest groups reflect diverse perspectives and are influenced by individuals. IV.5.A
  a
  compare and contrast the purpose of political parties and interest groupsIV.5.A.a
  b
  compare and contrast the functions of political parties and interest groupsIV.5.A.b
  c
  compare and contrast ways for individuals to be involved in political parties and interest groupsIV.5.A.c
  d
  determine whether a scenario represents a political party or an interest groupIV.5.A.d
  e
  determine the influence of money on political parties and interest groupsIV.5.A.e
  f
  determine events that cause interest groups to formIV.5.A.f
  i
  PAC and Super PACIV.5.A.f.i
  ii
  lobbyistsIV.5.A.f.ii
  iii
  Citizens United v Federal Election CommissionIV.5.A.f.iii
2. B
  Evaluate factors that shape public opinion on elections and policy issues. IV.5.B
  a
  draw conclusions about the opinions of different groups based on opinion pollsIV.5.B.a
  b
  identify factors that shape the perspectives and opinions of individualsIV.5.B.b
  i
  genderIV.5.B.b.i
  ii
  raceIV.5.B.b.ii
  iii
  ageIV.5.B.b.iii
  iv
  incomeIV.5.B.b.iv
  v
  religionIV.5.B.b.v
  vi
  rural vs urbanIV.5.B.b.vi
  c
  determine the extend to which media influences public opinion and electoral decisionsIV.5.B.c
  i
  media biasIV.5.B.c.i
  ii
  framing of issuesIV.5.B.c.ii
  iii
  news agenda (what gets covered)IV.5.B.c.iii
  iv
  use of media during electionsIV.5.B.c.iv
3. C
  noneIV.5.C
4. D
  Predict the consequences that occur when institutions fail to meet the needs of individuals and groups, and when individuals fail to carry out their personal responsibilities. IV.5.D
  a
  make predictions about the reactions of the people in response to unpopular government policyIV.5.D.a
  i
  protestsIV.5.D.a.i
  ii
  initiative / recall / referendumIV.5.D.a.ii
  iii
  boycottsIV.5.D.a.iii
  iv
  unrestIV.5.D.a.iv
  v
  disorderIV.5.D.a.v
  b
  make predictions about what will occur if people fail to fulfill their responsibilities and dutiesIV.5.D.b
  i
  representatives that do not align to the will of the peopleIV.5.D.b.i
  ii
  deteriorating infrastructureIV.5.D.b.ii
  iii
  legal consequencesIV.5.D.b.iii
  iv
  perception of the government's legitimacyIV.5.D.b.iv
  v
  economic declineIV.5.D.b.v

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?: Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
Where can I read the official document?: Grade 9-12 Government Item Specifications

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