Common Planner
K–12 Standards

Chemistry

Other Virginia Science sets

The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific and engineering practices byCH.1

  • a

    asking questions and defining problemsCH.1.a

    1. i

      ask questions that arise from careful observation of phenomena, examination of a model or theory, unexpected results, and/or to seek additional informationCH.1.a.i

    2. ii

      determine which questions can be investigated within the scope of the school laboratoryCH.1.a.ii

    3. iii

      make hypotheses that specify what happens to a dependent variable when an independent variable is manipulatedCH.1.a.iii

    4. iv

      generate hypotheses based on research and scientific principlesCH.1.a.iv

    5. v

      define design problems that involve the development of a process or system with interacting components, criteria and constraintsCH.1.a.v

  • b

    planning and carrying out investigationsCH.1.b

    1. i

      individually and collaboratively plan and conduct observational and experimental investigationsCH.1.b.i

    2. ii

      plan and conduct investigations or test design solutions in a safe manner, including planning for response to emergency situationsCH.1.b.ii

    3. iii

      select and use appropriate tools and technology to collect, record, analyze, and evaluate dataCH.1.b.iii

  • c

    interpreting, analyzing and evaluating dataCH.1.c

    1. i

      record and present data in an organized format that communicates relationships and quantities in appropriate mathematical or algebraic formsCH.1.c.i

    2. ii

      use data in building and revising models, supporting explanations for phenomena, or testing solutions to problemsCH.1.c.ii

    3. iii

      solve problems using mathematical manipulations including the International System of Units (SI), scientific notation, derived units, significant digits, and dimensional analysisCH.1.c.iii

    4. iv

      analyze data using tools, technologies, and/or models (e.g., computational, mathematical) to make valid and reliable scientific claims or determine an optimal design solutionCH.1.c.iv

    5. v

      analyze data graphically and use graphs to make predictionsCH.1.c.v

    6. vi

      differentiate between accuracy and precision of measurementsCH.1.c.vi

    7. vii

      consider limitations of data analysis when analyzing and interpreting dataCH.1.c.vii

    8. viii

      analyze data to optimize a designCH.1.c.viii

  • d

    constructing and critiquing conclusions and explanationsCH.1.d

    1. i

      construct and revise explanations based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sourcesCH.1.d.i

    2. ii

      apply scientific ideas, principles, and/or evidence to provide an explanation of phenomena or design solutionsCH.1.d.ii

    3. iii

      compare and evaluate competing arguments in light of currently accepted explanations and new scientific evidenceCH.1.d.iii

    4. iv

      construct arguments or counterarguments based on data and evidenceCH.1.d.iv

    5. v

      differentiate between scientific hypothesis, theory, and lawCH.1.d.v

  • e

    developing and using modelsCH.1.e

    1. i

      evaluate the merits and limitations of modelsCH.1.e.i

    2. ii

      develop, revise, and/or use models based on evidence to illustrate or predict relationshipsCH.1.e.ii

    3. iii

      use models and simulations to visualize and explain the movement of particles, to represent chemical reactions, to formulate mathematical equations, and to interpret data setsCH.1.e.iii

  • f

    obtaining, evaluating, and communicating informationCH.1.f

    1. i

      compare, integrate, and evaluate sources of information presented in different media or formats to address a scientific question or solve a problemCH.1.f.i

    2. ii

      gather, read, and evaluate scientific and/or technical information from multiple authoritative sources, assessing the evidence and credibility of each sourceCH.1.f.ii

    3. iii

      communicate scientific and/or technical information about phenomena and/or a design process in multiple formatsCH.1.f.iii

The student will investigate and understand that elements have properties based on their atomic structure. The periodic table is an organizational tool for elements based on these properties. Key information pertaining to the periodic table includesCH.2

  • a

    average atomic mass, isotopes, mass number, and atomic number;CH.2.a

  • b

    nuclear decay;CH.2.b

  • c

    trends within groups and periods including atomic radii, electronegativity, shielding effect, and ionization energyCH.2.c

  • d

    electron configurations, valence electrons, excited electrons, and ions; andCH.2.d

  • e

    historical and quantum modelsCH.2.e

The student will investigate and understand that atoms are conserved in chemical reactions. Knowledge of chemical properties of the elements can be used to describe and predict chemical interactions. Key ideas includeCH.3

  • a

    chemical formulas are models used to represent the number of each type of atom in a substance;CH.3.a

  • b

    substances are named based on the number of atoms and the type of interactions between atoms;CH.3.b

  • c

    balanced chemical equations model rearrangement of atoms in chemical reactions;CH.3.c

  • d

    atoms bond based on electron interactions;CH.3.d

  • e

    molecular geometry is predictive of physical and chemical properties; andCH.3.e

  • f

    reaction types can be predicted and classified.CH.3.f

The student will investigate and understand that molar relationships compare and predict chemical quantities. Key ideas includeCH.4

  • a

    Avogadro’s principle is the basis for molar relationships; andCH.4.a

  • b

    stoichiometry mathematically describes quantities in chemical composition and in chemical reactions.CH.4.b

The student will investigate and understand that solutions behave in predictable and quantifiable ways. Key ideas includeCH.5

  • a

    molar relationships determine solution concentrationCH.5.a

  • b

    changes in temperature can affect solubility;CH.5.b

  • c

    extent of dissociation defines types of electrolytes;CH.5.c

  • d

    pH and pOH quantify acid and base dissociation; andCH.5.d

  • e

    colligative properties depend on the extent of dissociationCH.5.e

The student will investigate and understand that the phases of matter are explained by the kinetic molecular theory. Key ideas includeCH.6

  • a

    pressure and temperature define the phase of a substance;CH.6.a

  • b

    properties of ideal gases are described by gas laws; andCH.6.b

  • c

    intermolecular forces affect physical properties.CH.6.c

The student will investigate and understand that thermodynamics explains the relationship between matter and energy. Key ideas includeCH.7

  • a

    heat energy affects matter and interactions of matter;CH.7.a

  • b

    heating curves provide information about a substance;CH.7.b

  • c

    reactions are endothermic or exothermic;CH.7.c

  • d

    energy changes in reactions occur as bonds are broken and formed;CH.7.d

  • e

    collision theory predicts the rate of reactions;CH.7.e

  • f

    rates of reactions depend on catalysts and activation energy; andCH.7.f

  • g

    enthalpy and entropy determine the extent of a reaction.CH.7.g

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12

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