Grade 7

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Identify major geographical features around the world (e.g., climate zones, bodies of water, mountains, deserts), and analyze the influence of geography on where people settled worldwideSS7.1.1.a

Identify populations and political power centers of the world in 1300 CE, and explain the importance of the trade routes that connected those locationsSS7.1.1.b

Identify the five major world religions Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, and analyze their influences on society and culture in 1300 CESS7.1.1.c

Analyze the cause, course, figures, and responses to expansion by the Portuguese, Spanish, English, and French along the coasts of Africa, into the Indian Ocean, and to the China coast, and argue the impact on the people they encounteredSS7.2.1.a

Analyze the cause, course, figures, and responses to Spanish conquests of the Incan Empire, Aztec Empire, and the Taíno people, and argue the impact on the people they encounteredSS7.2.1.b

Analyze the cause, course, figures, and responses to British colonization of Australia and New Zealand, and argue the impact on the Indigenous peoples of those landsSS7.2.1.c

Explain the Columbian Exchange, and argue who benefitedSS7.2.1.d

Identify explorers (e.g., Admiral Zheng He, Marco Polo, Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco de Gama, Sir Frances Drake, Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortes, James Cook), analyze the rationale behind their voyages, and argue the impact they had on existing populationsSS7.2.1.e

Analyze broad patterns of trade across the world in 1400 including the importance of corn, silver, sugar, and other goods with closer looks at trade and exchanges in Majorca and Calicut, and argue their influences on society and cultureSS7.2.2.a

Analyze the expansion of gunpowder empires (e.g., Mughal Empire in India, Safavid Persia, Ottoman Empire, and Ming China), and argue their influences on society and cultureSS7.2.2.b

Analyze the characteristics and conditions of enslavement in different times and places around the globe (e.g., ancient Greece, ancient Rome, Han China)SS7.2.3.a

Analyze the characteristics and conditions of pre-European African slave trade to North Africa, Egypt, the Red Sea, and Swahili coastSS7.2.3.b

Analyze the development and expansion of the Atlantic slave trade and chattel slavery on European plantations in the Caribbean, North America, and South America and argue the impact on Indigenous and African peoples and who benefited from that impactSS7.2.3.c

Analyze the shift of enslavement from religious and culturally based to race basedSS7.2.3.d

Explain resistance efforts by enslaved peoples including everyday actions, rebellions, maintaining culture, and building new traditionsSS7.2.3.e

Explain the Protestant Reformation, counter-Reformation from the Catholic Church, and the Spanish Inquisition, and argue their impact on societySS7.3.1.a

Explain the foundation of Sikhism by Guru Nanak in South Asia, and analyze its influenceSS7.3.1.b

Explain the reformation of neo-Confucian teachings and practices of Wang Yangming in China, and analyze its influenceSS7.3.1.c

Explain the ideas of the Enlightenment including concepts such the social contract, rule of law, citizenship, representation, liberty, equality, individual rights, and natural rightsSS7.3.2.a

Identify advances in art and architecture during the Renaissance, and argue the impacts on society and cultureSS7.3.2.b

Explain the historical roots of the Scientific Revolution in Greco-Roman rationalism, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim science, and Renaissance humanism, analyze their influences on astronomy, mathematics, engineering, and human anatomy, and argue the impacts on society and cultureSS7.3.2.c

Analyze the technological advances of the time (e.g., the printing press, manufactured paper, microscope, telescope, thermometer, and barometer), and argue the impacts on society and culture and who benefited from those advancesSS7.3.2.d

Analyze the similarities and differences in the causes, courses, and consequences of the American Revolution (1775-1783), the French Revolution (1789-1799), and the Haitian Revolution (1791-1803), and argue the impact on their respective societiesSS7.4.1.a

Analyze the 1780s Tupac Amaru Revolution of the Andean Indians and Mexican Independence in 1821, and argue the impact on Latin American nation buildingSS7.4.1.b

Analyze the shift of African trade from the foreign slave trade to raw goods (e.g., palm oil and cloves) and the role of continued enslavement within Africa, and argue the impact of that tradeSS7.4.2.a

Analyze advancements and consequences of the industrial revolution in the late 18th and early 19th century, and argue who benefitedSS7.4.2.b

Analyze Egyptian reforms under Muhammad Ali after the French withdrawal in 1801 (e.g., reforms to the military, education, and agriculture), and argue the impact of those reformsSS7.4.2.c

Analyze the influence and consequence of the East India Company on commerce, population centers, and culture in India and the shift to new colonial power centers (e.g., Calcutta and Bombay, and argue who benefitedSS7.4.2.d

Analyze the Opium Wars (1839-1860) and the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), and argue the impact on China's economy, politics, religions, and its population and who benefitedSS7.4.2.e

Explain the definition and provide examples of imperialism, colonialism, and partitioningSS7.5.1.a

Analyze the cause, course, and consequence of the imperial model of colonization in India by the British (e.g., shift from East India Company rule to British crown rule or "raj"), and argue who benefited from that movementSS7.5.1.b

Analyze the cause, course, and consequence of partitioning Africa by Belgian, British, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish in 1884, and argue who benefited from that actionSS7.5.1.c

Analyze the cause, course, and consequence of American colonization of Caribbean and Pacific Islands, and argue who benefited from that actionSS7.5.1.d

Analyze the cause, course, and consequences of anti-colonial uprisings in Africa (1874-1931) (e.g., Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, Maji Maji revolt, Nyasaland uprising, and Herero Uprising), and argue their impacts on the peoples affectedSS7.5.2.a

Analyze the cause, course, and consequences of the Boxer Uprising (1899-1901) as a response against foreign influence in China, and argue its impacts on the Chinese peopleSS7.5.2.b

Analyze the cause, course, and consequences of Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) as a response to the feudal system of <em>la encomienda</em> and the unequal social structure, and argue its impacts on Mexican societySS7.5.2.c

Analyze the causes of World War I including alliances between European powers, Russia, the Ottoman Empire and others, the political instability of the Balkans, and the reasons each country and state justified entry into the WarSS7.6.1.a

Analyze the course of the War including tactics on the Western versus Eastern fronts, role of technological advancements (e.g., machine guns, poison gas, aircrafts, and high explosives), and the blurring of the roles of soldier and civilianSS7.6.1.b

Analyze the Armenian genocide from 1915-1916 and the role of the Near East Relief organization, and argue the impact on Armenian societySS7.6.1.c

Analyze the consequences, and argue the impacts of World War I (e.g., military and civilian casualties, the peace negotiations at Versailles, France, Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" plan, the role of the League of Nations, the drawing of new nation-state borders and its impact on Western Asia (Middle East), the Balfour Declaration, and German reparations)SS7.6.1.d

Analyze how the Russian Revolution, including the rise of Joseph Stalin and the communist party, was a consequence of the War, and argue who benefited from these political changesSS7.6.1.e

Explain the definitions of totalitarianism, communism, socialism, fascism, and holocaust, and analyze where and why these ideas gained popularitySS7.6.2.a

Analyze the causes of World War II (e.g., the failure of the Weimar Republic, the rise of German Nazism and Adolph Hitler, installation of Italian Fascism and Benito Mussolini, a Militarist Japan's Sino-Japanese War with China, and the invasion of Poland by Germany)SS7.6.2.b

Analyze the course of World War II (e.g., the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939, differences between Eastern and Western Fronts warfare, use of technology and blitzkrieg warfare, role of North Africa and Western Asia (Middle East), the Pacific theater tactics and consequences, and dropping of the atomic bomb)SS7.6.2.c

Analyze the nature and course of the Holocaust (e.g., the history of antisemitism around the world, Nazi ideology and politics, Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, ghettos, concentration camps, killing centers, Jewish and non-Jewish resistance, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, other Nazi victims including LGBTQIA+ individuals, persons with disabilities, Roma, and political activists, and the final solution), and argue its impact on the people of EuropeSS7.6.2.d

Analyze the consequences, and argue the impacts of World War II (e.g., the loss of Jewish life and community, military and civilian casualties, the Nuremberg Trials, the Yalta Conference, division of Germany and Austria into Soviet and allied sectors, and the "Iron Curtain")SS7.6.2.e

Explain the definition of the Cold War and the term "superpower," and analyze the ideologies of the Cold War, the differences between capitalism and communism, and the arms raceSS7.6.3.a

Explain the alignment of independent and colonized governments all over the world with either the Soviet Union or United States using the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw PactSS7.6.3.b

Analyze the cause, course, and consequence of the Korean War (1950-1953) (e.g., the role of Soviet Union and China, 38th parallel, consideration of atomic technology, and the human cost of the conflict), and argue its impacts on the Korean peopleSS7.6.3.c

Analyze the cause, course, and consequence of the Vietnam War (1955-1975) (e.g., Ho Chi Minh's, "Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam," 1954 Geneva peace accords, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Operation Rolling Thunder, invasion of Cambodia and Laos, Tet Offensive, My Lai massacre, evacuation of Saigon), and argue its impacts on the Vietnamese peopleSS7.6.3.d

Identify other Cold War "hot spots" include Algeria, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Angola, Nicaragua, Guatemala, the Congo, Iran, Hungary, and Cuba, and argue the impact of their participation on civilian populationsSS7.6.3.e

Analyze the role of new worldwide organizations and ideals (e.g., the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), and argue their impact on societiesSS7.6.3.f

Analyze the Malta Summit (1989) and the fall of the Soviet Union (1991), and argue the impact of those eventsSS7.6.3.g

Analyze the similarities and differences among the four types of decolonization - civil wars, wars of independence, negotiated independence, and incomplete decolonizationSS7.7.1.a

Analyze the Chinese civil war between Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek and Communists led by Mao Zedong, and argue its impact on the Chinese peopleSS7.7.1.b

Analyze the Algerian war for independence from France including the role of the European settler population colons, and argue its impact on AlgeriansSS7.7.1.c

Analyze the negotiated independence of India and Pakistan from Britain and African countries from the British, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Belgians, Italians, and Germany, and argue their impact on the Indian and Pakistani peoplesSS7.7.1.d

Analyze the incomplete independence of South Africa due to the presence of a large population of white settler colonialism, the institution of apartheid, and the role of Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress, and argue the impact of the movementSS7.7.1.e

Explain the definition of globalization as the convergence of people, resources, and ideas around a common version of modernitySS7.7.2.a

Analyze the increased migration to urban spaces, spread of television shows, films, and music, and the popularization of international sports such as football and FIFA, and argue their impacts on societySS7.7.2.b

Explain the creation of global networks and international cooperations (e.g., North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), transnational issues, G-8 and G-20 summits, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), criminal and terrorist organizations), and analyze how they serve the international populationSS7.7.2.c

Analyze the problems created by globalization for individuals (e.g., child labor, low-wages and poor working conditions, and exploitation of workers) exemplified by the Maquiladoras, and argue the impacts on societySS7.7.2.d

Argue the impacts of globalization on the environment (e.g., the Green Revolution, increased consumption of natural resources, rise in pollution, and climate change)SS7.7.2.e