Discrete Mathematics

Mathematical process standards

  • 1.

    The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understandingDMPS.9-12.1

  • (A)

    apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplaceDMPS.9-12.1.A

  • (B)

    use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solutionDMPS.9-12.1.B

  • (C)

    select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problemsDMPS.9-12.1.C

  • (D)

    communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriateDMPS.9-12.1.D

  • (E)

    create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideasDMPS.9-12.1.E

  • (F)

    analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideasDMPS.9-12.1.F

  • (G)

    display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communicationDMPS.9-12.1.G

Graph theory

  • 2.

    The student applies the concept of graphs to determine possible solutions to real-world problemsDMPS.9-12.2

  • (A)

    explain the concept of graphsDMPS.9-12.2.A

  • (B)

    use graph models for simple problems in management scienceDMPS.9-12.2.B

  • (C)

    determine the valences of the vertices of a graphDMPS.9-12.2.C

  • (D)

    identify Euler circuits in a graphDMPS.9-12.2.D

  • (E)

    solve route inspection problems by Eulerizing a graphDMPS.9-12.2.E

  • (F)

    determine solutions modeled by edge traversal in a graphDMPS.9-12.2.F

  • (G)

    compare the results of solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) using the nearest neighbor algorithm and using a greedy algorithmDMPS.9-12.2.G

  • (H)

    distinguish between real-world problems modeled by Euler circuits and those modeled by Hamiltonian circuitsDMPS.9-12.2.H

  • (I)

    distinguish between algorithms that yield optimal solutions and those that give nearly optimal solutionsDMPS.9-12.2.I

  • (J)

    find minimum-cost spanning trees using Kruskal's algorithmDMPS.9-12.2.J

  • (K)

    use the critical path method to determine the earliest possible completion time for a collection of tasksDMPS.9-12.2.K

  • (L)

    explain the difference between a graph and a directed graphDMPS.9-12.2.L

Planning and scheduling

  • 3.

    The student uses heuristic algorithms to solve real-world problemsDMPS.9-12.3

  • (A)

    use the list processing algorithm to schedule tasks on identical processorsDMPS.9-12.3.A

  • (B)

    recognize situations appropriate for modeling or scheduling problemsDMPS.9-12.3.B

  • (C)

    determine whether a schedule is optimal using the critical path method together with the list processing algorithmDMPS.9-12.3.C

  • (D)

    identify situations appropriate for modeling by bin packingDMPS.9-12.3.D

  • (E)

    use any of six heuristic algorithms to solve bin packing problemsDMPS.9-12.3.E

  • (F)

    solve independent task scheduling problems using the list processing algorithmDMPS.9-12.3.F

  • (G)

    explain the relationship between scheduling problems and bin packing problemsDMPS.9-12.3.G

Group decision making

  • 4.

    The student uses mathematical processes to apply decision-making schemes. The student analyzes the effects of multiple types of weighted voting and applies multiple voting concepts to real-world situationsDMPS.9-12.4

  • (A)

    describe the concept of a preference schedule and how to use itDMPS.9-12.4.A

  • (B)

    explain how particular decision-making schemes workDMPS.9-12.4.B

  • (C)

    determine the outcome for various voting methods, given the voters' preferencesDMPS.9-12.4.C

  • (D)

    explain how different voting schemes or the order of voting can lead to different resultsDMPS.9-12.4.D

  • (E)

    describe the impact of various strategies on the results of the decision-making processDMPS.9-12.4.E

  • (F)

    explain the impact of Arrow's Impossibility TheoremDMPS.9-12.4.F

  • (G)

    relate the meaning of approval votingDMPS.9-12.4.G

  • (H)

    explain the need for weighted voting and how it worksDMPS.9-12.4.H

  • (I)

    identify voting concepts such as Borda count, Condorcet winner, dummy voter, and coalitionDMPS.9-12.4.I

  • (J)

    compute the Banzhaf power index and explain its significanceDMPS.9-12.4.J

Fair division

  • 5.

    The student applies the adjusted winner procedure and Knaster inheritance procedure to real-world situationsDMPS.9-12.5

  • (A)

    use the adjusted winner procedure to determine a fair allocation of propertyDMPS.9-12.5.A

  • (B)

    use the adjusted winner procedure to resolve a disputeDMPS.9-12.5.B

  • (C)

    explain how to reach a fair division using the Knaster inheritance procedureDMPS.9-12.5.C

  • (D)

    solve fair division problems with three or more players using the Knaster inheritance procedureDMPS.9-12.5.D

  • (E)

    explain the conditions under which the trimming procedure can be applied to indivisible goodsDMPS.9-12.5.E

  • (F)

    identify situations appropriate for the techniques of fair divisionDMPS.9-12.5.F

  • (G)

    compare the advantages of the divider and the chooser in the divider-chooser methodDMPS.9-12.5.G

  • (H)

    discuss the rules and strategies of the divider-chooser methodDMPS.9-12.5.H

  • (I)

    resolve cake-division problems for three players using the last-diminisher methodDMPS.9-12.5.I

  • (J)

    analyze the relative importance of the three desirable properties of fair division: equitability, envy-freeness, and Pareto optimalityDMPS.9-12.5.J

  • (K)

    identify fair division procedures that exhibit envy-freenessDMPS.9-12.5.K

Game (or competition) theory

  • 6.

    The student uses knowledge of basic game theory concepts to calculate optimal strategies. The student analyzes situations and identifies the use of gaming strategiesDMPS.9-12.6

  • (A)

    recognize competitive game situationsDMPS.9-12.6.A

  • (B)

    represent a game with a matrixDMPS.9-12.6.B

  • (C)

    identify basic game theory concepts and vocabularyDMPS.9-12.6.C

  • (D)

    determine the optimal pure strategies and value of a game with a saddle point by means of the minimax techniqueDMPS.9-12.6.D

  • (E)

    explain the concept of and need for a mixed strategyDMPS.9-12.6.E

  • (F)

    compute the optimal mixed strategy and the expected value for a player in a game who has only two pure strategiesDMPS.9-12.6.F

  • (G)

    model simple two-by-two, bimatrix games of partial conflictDMPS.9-12.6.G

  • (H)

    identify the nature and implications of the game called "Prisoners' Dilemma"DMPS.9-12.6.H

  • (I)

    explain the game known as "chicken"DMPS.9-12.6.I

  • (J)

    identify examples that illustrate the prevalence of Prisoners' Dilemma and chicken in our societyDMPS.9-12.6.J

  • (K)

    determine when a pair of strategies for two players is in equilibriumDMPS.9-12.6.K

Theory of moves

  • 7.

    The student analyzes the theory of moves (TOM). The student uses the TOM and game theory to analyze conflictsDMPS.9-12.7

  • (A)

    compare and contrast TOM and game theoryDMPS.9-12.7.A

  • (B)

    explain the rules of TOMDMPS.9-12.7.B

  • (C)

    describe what is meant by a cyclic gameDMPS.9-12.7.C

  • (D)

    use a game tree to analyze a two-person gameDMPS.9-12.7.D

  • (E)

    determine the effect of approaching Prisoners' Dilemma and chicken from the standpoint of TOM and contrast that to the effect of approaching them from the standpoint of game theoryDMPS.9-12.7.E

  • (F)

    describe the use of TOM in a larger, more complicated gameDMPS.9-12.7.F

  • (G)

    model a conflict from literature or from a real-life situation as a two-by-two strict ordinal game and compare the results predicted by game theory and by TOMDMPS.9-12.7.G

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
When were these standards adopted?
2013

Keep exploring

Sibling grade bands, other subjects in this jurisdiction, and the same subject across other states.