Statistics
Sampling and DataS.1
- a.
Understand the investigative process of statistics and differentiate between descriptive and inferential statistics.S.1.a
- b.
Differentiate between a population and a sample.S.1.b
- c.
Construct a simple random sample.S.1.c
- d.
Understand the differences between stratified sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling, and convenience sampling.S.1.d
- e.
Determine when samples of convenience are acceptable and how sampling bias and error can occur.S.1.e
- f.
Identify and classify data as either qualitative or quantitative and classify quantitative data as either discrete or continuous data.S.1.f
- g.
Display and interpret qualitative data with graphs: pie graphs, bar graphs, and pareto charts.S.1.g
- h.
Differentiate between levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.S.1.h
- i.
Create a frequency distribution from a list of quantitative and/or qualitative data.S.1.i
- j.
Calculate relative frequencies and cumulative frequencies using a frequency distribution table.S.1.j
- k.
Understand differences between a designed experiment and an observational study.S.1.k
- l.
Differentiate between the types of variables used in a designed experiment.S.1.l
- m.
Understand different methods used in an experiment to isolate effects of the explanatory variable.S.1.m
Descriptive StatisticsS.2
- a.
Display and interpret graphs using quantitative data including stem-and-leaf plots, line graphs, and box plots.S.2.a
- b.
Construct a histogram from a frequency distribution table.S.2.b
- c.
Interpret data using histograms and time series graphs.S.2.c
- d.
Analyze a frequency distribution table and determine the sample size, class width and class midpoints.S.2.d
- e.
Recognize, describe, and calculate the measures of locations of data: quartiles, median, five number summary, interquartile range outliers, upper and lower fences, and percentiles.S.2.e
- f.
Distinguish between a parameter and a statistic.S.2.f
- g.
Calculate and differentiate between different measures of center: mean, median, and mode.S.2.g
- h.
Calculate the mean of a frequency distribution: GPA and weighted grade.S.2.h
- i.
Interpret the shape of the distribution from a graph: normal/symmetric, skewed, or uniform.S.2.i
- j.
Calculate and differentiate between different measures of spread: range, variance, and standard deviation.S.2.j
- k.
Determine if a data value is unusual based on standard deviations, μ ± 2σ.S.2.k
ProbabilityS.3
- a.
Understand and use terminology and symbols of probability.S.3.a
- b.
List the elements of events and the sample space from an experiment.S.3.b
- c.
Understand the concept of randomness: flipping a coin, rolling a die, and drawing a card from a standard 52 card deck.S.3.c
- d.
Differentiate between and calculate different types of probabilities: empirical and theoretical.S.3.d
- e.
Explain the Law of Large Numbers.S.3.e
- f.
Calculate and interpret probabilities using the complement rule, addition rule, and multiplication rule.S.3.f
- g.
Differentiate between and calculate probabilities for different types of events: independent, dependent, with or without replacement, conditional, and mutually exclusive.S.3.g
- h.
Use Venn diagrams and lists to solve probability problems when appropriate.S.3.h
Discrete Random VariablesS.4
- a.
Identify the random variable in a probability experiment.S.4.a
- b.
Recognize and understand discrete probability distribution functions.S.4.b
- c.
Create a probability distribution for the values of a discrete random variable.S.4.c
- d.
Use a probability function to determine probabilities associated with a discrete random variable.S.4.d
- e.
Calculate and interpret the mean (expected value), variance, and standard deviation for discrete random variables and binomial probability distributions.S.4.e
- f.
Determine when a probability distribution should be classified as a discrete binomial probability distribution, and calculate probabilities associated with such a distribution.S.4.f
Continuous Random Variables and the Normal DistributionS.5
- a.
Recognize and understand continuous probability density functions.S.5.a
- b.
Use a probability density curve to describe a population, including a normal population.S.5.b
- c.
Calculate and interpret the area under a probability density curve.S.5.c
- d.
Calculate and interpret a z-score, understanding the concept of "standardizing" data.S.5.d
- e.
Calculate and interpret z-scores using the Empirical Rule, understanding the general properties of the normal distribution: 100% is the total area under the curve, exactly 50% is to the left and right of the mean, and it is perfectly symmetric about the mean.S.5.e
- f.
Use technology to calculate the area under the curve for any normal distribution model: left, right, and between.S.5.f
- g.
Use technology to calculate percentiles, quartiles, and other numerical values of X for a specified area under a normal curve, including unusual values (P(X) < 5% and μ ± 2σ).S.5.g
Central Limit TheoremS.6
- a.
Recognize the characteristics of the mean of sample means taken from different types of populations: normal and non-normal.S.6.a
- b.
Calculate the mean of sample means taken from different types of populations: normal and non-normal.S.6.b
- c.
Describe how the means of samples calculated from a non-normal population might be distributed.S.6.c
- d.
Apply the Central Limit Theorem to normal and non-normal populations and compute probabilities of a sample mean.S.6.d
- e.
Determine whether the Central Limit Theorem can be used for a given situation.S.6.e
- f.
Assess the impact of sample size on sampling variability.S.6.f
Confidence IntervalsS.7
- a.
Read and write confidence intervals using two different forms: point estimate plus/or minus margin of error (error bound) and interval notation.S.7.a
- b.
Calculate and interpret confidence intervals for estimating a population mean and a population proportion.S.7.b
- c.
Calculate the margin of error (error bound) using sample statistics.S.7.c
- d.
Predict if a confidence interval will become wider or narrower given larger or smaller sample sizes as well as higher or lower confidence levels.S.7.d
- e.
Find the point estimate and margin of error (error bound) when given a confidence interval.S.7.e
- f.
Estimate the sample size necessary to estimate a population mean.S.7.f
- g.
Recognize the difference between the sample mean, <img src="http://purl.org/ASN/resources/images/D21321918/TN_Math_2023_S7g.gif"/> and the population mean, μ, as well as the difference between the sample standard deviation, <em>s</em>, and standard error of the mean, s/√n.S.7.g
- h.
Find critical values for Z<sub>α/2</sub> and t<sub>α/2</sub> given a value of α and degrees of freedom.S.7.h
- i.
Estimate the sample size necessary to estimate a population proportion.S.7.i
Hypothesis TestingS.8
- a.
Determine the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses when presented with a problem.S.8.a
- b.
Differentiate between Type I and Type II errors.S.8.b
- c.
Understand and list the assumptions needed to conduct z-tests and t-tests.S.8.c
- d.
Determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis using the p-value method.S.8.d
- e.
Determine if a test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed.S.8.e
- f.
Differentiate between independent group and matched pair sampling.S.8.f
- g.
Calculate test statistics and p-values for hypotheses tests: single proportion, single mean, and difference between two means.S.8.g
- h.
Conduct hypotheses tests for a single proportion and a single mean.S.8.h
- i.
Test hypotheses regarding the difference of two independent means (assume the variances are not pooled).S.8.i
- j.
Draw conclusions and make inferences about claims based on hypotheses tests.S.8.j
Regression CorrelationS.9
- a.
Differentiate between the independent (explanatory variable, x) and the dependent (response variable, y) in a bivariate data set.S.9.a
- b.
Create a scatter plot and determine the type of relationship that exists between two variables: positive or negative correlation and weak or strong correlation.S.9.b
- c.
Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient using technology.S.9.c
- d.
Calculate the line of best fit and interpret the coefficient of determination.S.9.d
- e.
Use the line of best fit to make conclusions about the relationship between two variables, understanding correlation does not imply causation.S.9.e
- f.
Calculate a residual using the line of best fit.S.9.f
- g.
Use the p-value to determine if a line of best fit is statistically significant.S.9.g
- h.
For a given value of x, find the appropriate estimated value of y.S.9.h
- i.
Distinguish between interpolated and extrapolated values and explain why interpolated values are more reliable.S.9.i
- j.
Perform a residual analysis to check assumptions of regression.S.9.j
Frequently asked questions
- What grade levels do these standards cover?
- Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
- When were these standards adopted?
- 2023
- Where can I read the official document?
- Tennessee Academic Standards: Mathematics K-4th Year
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