World History: Ancient to Modern: Grades 9-12

Other South Dakota Social Studies sets

• Kindergarten
• Grade 1
• Grade 2
• Grade 3
• Grade 4
• Grade 5
• Grade 6
• Grade 7
• Grade 8
• Economics: Grades 9-12
• United States Government/American Civics: Grades 9-12
• United States History: 1492-2008: Grades 9-12
• World Geography: Grades 9-12

The student identifies the six characteristics of civilizations: large population centers, monumental architecture and unique art styles, shared communication strategies, systems for administering territories, a complex division of labor, and the division of people into social and economic classes. HCE9-12.WH.2.A

The student explains the origins of human beings in Africa and traces the development of early human civilization through the Neolithic Age, including the roles of climate and environmental changes, hunter-gatherer societies, metallurgy, and agriculture. H9-12.WH.2.B

The student explains the major historical events, cultural features, stories, and civil contributions of Ancient India, Sumer, Babylon, Assyria, Persia, and Ancient China, including polytheism, irrigation, metalsmithing, the domestication of animals, slavery, and inventions such as the wheel, sail, plow, and writing. HC9-12.WH.2.C

The student explains the major historical events, cultural features, stories, and civil contributions of Ancient Egypt and Phoenicia, including agriculture, the calendar, hieroglyphic writing, papyrus, maritime commerce, and the first alphabet. HC9-12.WH.2.D

The student explains the major historical events, cultural features, and stories of the ancient Hebrews, including the origins and role of the Tanakh. H9-12.WH.2.E

The student compares the monotheistic religion of the Hebrews to the traditional polytheism of the ancient world, including the belief in one god, the Decalogue, individual worth of each person, and equal moral obligations of each person regardless of class or authority. H9-12.WH.2.F

The student explains the major historical events, cultural features, and contributions of civilizations in Peloponnesus and the eastern Mediterranean Sea, including Minoa, Mycenae, and archaic Sparta and Athens. H9-12.WH.2.G

The student identifies the major figures and stories within Greek and Roman mythology. H9-12.WH.2.H

The student explains why the government of ancient Athens may be considered the beginning of democracy, including the polis, written constitutions, voting, a legislative body, and the rule of law. HC9-12.WH.2.I

The student explains the causes, warfare, strategy, outcomes, and effects of the Persian Wars, including the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. H9-12.WH.2.J

The student explains the major cultural features and contributions of Athens during the classical period, including pottery, architecture, sculpture, drama, the Greek language, institutions, slavery, and the histories of Herodotus and Thucydides. H9-12.WH.2.K

The student explains the causes, warfare, strategy, outcomes, and effects of the Peloponnesian War, including the roles of Pericles and Demosthenes. H9-12.WH.2.L

The student explains the major ideas of philosophers and religious thinkers in antiquity, including Siddhartha, Confucius, Thales, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Epicurus, especially in terms of logical reasoning, truth, and ethics. HC9-12.WH.2.M

The student tells of the conquests of Alexander of Macedon, the founding of the city of Alexandria, and the spread of Greek culture in the Hellenistic Period. H9-12.WH.2.N

The student explains the stories and events surrounding the founding of Rome and the Roman Republic. H9-12.WH.3.A

The student explains the social and political organization of the Roman Republic and the influence of its governing principles and institutions, including the rule of law, the separation of powers, ideas of civic duty, and representative government. HC9-12.WH.3.B

The student explains the major cultural features and contributions of Rome, including in architecture, engineering, sculpture, poetry, slavery, the Latin language, and the histories of Livy, Tacitus, and Polybius. H9-12.WH.3.C

The student explains the causes, warfare, strategy, outcomes, and effects of the Punic Wars, including the battles of Cannae and Zama and the roles of Hamilcar Barca, Hannibal, and Scipio Africanus. H9-12.WH.3.D

The student explains the origins and major events of the Roman civil wars and the triumvirates, including the ideas and actions of Cato the Elder, Cicero, Julius Caesar, and Octavian Caesar. H9-12.WH.3.E

The student explains the major ideas and events surrounding the life of Jesus of Nazareth and their historical effects, including the establishment of early Christian churches, the spread of Christianity, and persecutions of Christians. H9-12.WH.3.F

The student explains the factors that accounted for the Roman Empire’s relative stability and longevity, including its military organization and tactics, the Pax Romana, decentralized administration, the taxation system, a standard currency, and the road system. H9-12.WH.3.G

The student explains the major historical events and cultural features of the Roman Empire, including under the rule of Octavian Caesar, the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Diocletian. H9-12.WH.3.H

The student explains the major events during the rule of Constantine, including the legalization of Christianity and the moving of the Roman capital to Constantinople. H9-12.WH.3.I

The student explains the major historical events, cultural features, stories, and religious contributions of the early Christians, including the origins and role of the Bible. H9-12.WH.3.J

The student compares the religion of the Christians to that of the Hebrews and of polytheist religions, including monotheism, the Trinity, the belief in Jesus of Nazareth as divine, the redeeming of a person’s sins, the individual worth of each person, and equal moral obligations of each person regardless of class or authority. H9-12.WH.3.K

The student explains the origins of the barbarian invasions and the other factors that led to the fall of the Roman Empire, including the power of the military establishment, political corruption, and economic instability arising from opulence. H9-12.WH.3.L

The student explains the role of the papacy and historical figures in establishing Christianity and Roman law in Europe and the near east, including the Christian church fathers, Augustine of Hippo, Leo I, and Justinian. H9-12.WH.3.M

The student explains the origins and cultures of the major indigenous tribes of Europe around 500, including the Ostrogoths, Burgundians, Franks, Visigoths, Lombards, Saxons, Angles, Britons, Celts, Slavs, and Norse. H9-12.WH.4.A

The student explains the ways in which society changed with the fall of the Roman Empire and the perpetuation of the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople, including the role of Christianity. H9-12.WH.4.B

The student explains the establishment of monasteries, the practices of monasticism, the preservation of ancient thought, and their role in the Middle Ages. H 9-12.WH.4.C

The student explains the major ideas and events surrounding the life of Mohammed and their historical effects, including the founding and spread of Islam and divisions between Sunnis and Shi’ites. H9-12.WH.4.D

The student explains the major historical events, cultural features, stories, and religious contributions of early Muslims, including the origins and role of the Qur’an, the preservation of Greek thought, and expansions in science, philosophy, and mathematics. H9-12.WH.4.E

The student explains the historical events and effects of the Carolingian dynasty, the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire, the Viking invasions, and the rule of Vladimir of Kiev. H9-12.WH.4.F

The student explains the development and practice of feudalism in European societies, including the expectations of each class, and of slavery in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. H9-12.WH.4.G

The student describes and explains Christian and Muslim art and architecture in the Middle Ages. H9-12.WH.4.H

The student explains the origin of the Great Schism of 1054, the Investiture Controversy, and the Concordat of Worms. H9-12.WH.4.I

The student tells of the Norman Conquest, the rule of King John of England, the signing of the Magna Carta, and the emergence of parliament. H9-12.WH.4.J

The student explains the origins, historical events, and different perspectives of the conflicts between Muslims and Christians both before and during the crusades, including the exchange of ideas and culture between Christians and Muslims that took place during these centuries. H9-12.WH.4.K

The student explains the developments and achievements of the high Middle Ages, including the power of the papacy, the founding of mendicant orders, the rise of universities, and the major ideas of scholasticism and Thomas of Aquino, Maimonides, and Ibn Sina. H9-12.WH.4.L

The student explains the history and features of civilizations in Africa, including indigenous religious practices, the role of kinship relationships, the influence of Islam and Christianity, the civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay, their economic and political practices, and the transAfrican slave trade. H 9-12.WH.5.A

The student explains the history and features of civilizations in India, including Hinduism, the caste system, and Mongol and Muslim rule. H9-12.WH.5.B

The student explains the history and features of civilizations in China, including Confucianism, commerce, agriculture, and the major dynasties. H9-12.WH.5.C

The student explains the history and features of civilizations in Japan, including Shinto and Japanese Buddhism, feudalism, shoguns, isolationism, and its cultural rivalry with the Chinese on the Korean Peninsula. H9-12.WH.5.D

The student explains the history and features of civilization and culture in certain indigenous tribes in North and South America prior to European exploration, including the Ancestral Pueblo, Hopewell, Aztec, Maya, Inca, and various independent tribes. H9-12.WH.5.E

The student explains the disruptions to society in the late Middle Ages and their effects, including the emergence of several strong monarchies, the Avignon Papacy, the Black Death, the Great Schism of 1378, the Hundred Years’ War, the Ottoman Empire’s capture of Constantinople, the ideas of John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and Donatism, and Ivan III’s end of Mongol rule. H9-12.WH.5.F

The student explains the origins and major ideas of the Renaissance, including humanism, the growth of towns, the model of Dante Alighieri, and the roles of patrons. H9-12.WH.5.G

The student explains the major cultural features and contributions of the Renaissance in Italy and Northern Europe in painting, architecture, sculpture, and literature. H9-12.WH.5.H

The student explains the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula with the decline of Muslim rule and the ascendance of the Portuguese and Spanish crowns. H9-12.WH.5.I

The student explains 15th century trade between Europe and Asia, and different European motivations for exploration. H9-12.WH.5.J

The student explains the 15th century slave trade among Africans, Arabs, and Europeans, and compares it to the practice of indentured servitude. H9-12.WH.5.K

The student explains the main ideas of major Protestant leaders, including Martin Luther, Henry VIII and Thomas Cranmer, and John Calvin, and how they contrasted with Catholic ideas and practices. H9-12.WH.5.L

The student explains the major historical events during the Protestant Reformation and the subsequent Catholic Reformation, including their reflection in art, architecture, and politics. H9-12.WH.5.M

The student identifies the figures and features of Elizabethan England and the English Renaissance. H9-12.WH.6.A

The student explains the political and religious elements to the wars of religion in the 16th and 17th centuries, including the Anglo-Spanish War, the French Wars of Religion, and the Thirty Years’ War. H9-12.WH.6.B

The student explains instances of conquest and cooperation between Europeans and indigenous peoples in the Americas until 1800. H9-12.WH.6.C

The student explains the Columbian Exchange of resources, people, and disease, including how smallpox decimated indigenous peoples and the science of why this happened. H9-12.WH.6.D

The student explains the approaches of different powers to exploration and colonization in the Western Hemisphere, especially how England’s approach was distinct. H9-12.WH.6.E

The student describes life on a slave ship in the Middle Passage. H9-12.WH.6.F

The student explains the scientific method and the major ideas and discoveries of the Scientific Revolution. H9-12.WH.6.G

The student explains the major ideas of the Enlightenment, including the ideas of Niccoló Machiavelli, Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Voltaire, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and their expression in neo-classical art. H9-12.WH.6.H

The student describes the monarchy of Louis XIV and its effect on other monarchs in Europe in the form of enlightened absolutism, including in Russia, Austria, and Prussia. H9-12.WH.6.I

The student explains the origins, political ideas, historical events, and effects of the English Civil War, the Protectorate, and the Glorious Revolution, and how England was the exception to absolutism. H9-12.WH.6.J

The student explains the origins and effects of the Agricultural Revolution, the First Industrial Revolution, and the Enclosure Movement in England, including Adam Smith’s observations on the capitalist nature of an industrial society. H9-12.WH.6.K

The student explains how a free market or capitalist market indicates that laws allow individuals to possess more goods or currency than they need to survive; and to invest, produce, distribute, and buy and sell goods and services by making their own agreements with one another. H9-12.WH.6.L

The student explains the origins and major historical events of the French Revolution, including the ideas of Voltaire and Jean-Jacque Rousseau, government corruption, the effects of the American Revolution on France, the role of the mob and a lack of experience in selfgovernment, and widespread violence. H9-12.WH.7.A

The student explains the events that led to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, his conquests in in Europe, and the outcome of the Congress of Vienna. H9-12.WH.7.B

The student explains the effects of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Empire, including romanticism, nationalism, liberalism, and the pattern of revolutions that emerged in the first half of the 19th century in Europe and in Central and South America. H9-12.WH.7.C

The student explains major historical events involving Victorian England and the British Empire, including reform efforts in Great Britain and policies within colonies. H 9-12.WH.7.D

The student describes the Second Industrial Revolution and the emerging challenges that local communities, small businesses, and workers faced. H 9-12.WH.7.E

The student describes the different responses to the challenges of industrialization and the growth of large corporations, including various reform efforts and socialism. HE9-12.WH.7.F

The student explains the ideas of Georg Hegel, Karl Marx, and Social Darwinism, including the progress of history, dialectical materialism, communist revolution, the role of violence, and the dictatorship of the proletariat. HCE9-12.WH.7.G

The student explains the abolitionist movements in the United States and Great Britain during the 19th Century. H9-12.WH.7.H

The student explains the colonization of Africa and Asia during the 19th Century and its effects, including developing economies and technology, the spread of Christianity, atrocities, Indian nationalism, the decline of the Manchu dynasty, Chinese nationalism, and the Meiji Restoration. H9-12.WH.7.I

The student explains the major developments in Latin American history in the early 19th and early 20th centuries, including the wars of independence, the growing influence of the United States, and the Mexican Revolution. H9-12.WH.7.J

The student explains the unifications of Italy and Germany, the domestic situation in Russia, and shifts in the balance of power during the late 19th Century. H 9-12.WH.7.K

The student explains the presence and influence of Hegelianism, nationalism, and militarism among the leaders and citizenry of various European powers by the dawn of the 20th century. H 9-12.WH.7.L

The student explains the general causes of World War I as well as the particular series of events that led to the outbreak of war in 1914, including imperial competition, nationalism, militarism, an emerging power vacuum, and human hubris and fallibility. H9-12.WH.8.A

The student explains the figures, warfare, strategies, and major events of World War I, including the battles of the Marne, Gallipoli the Somme, and Verdun, the Armenian genocide, the sinking of the Lusitania, unrestricted submarine warfare, and the role of America. H9-12.WH.8.B

The student explains the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, including the extent to which they accurately reflected the outcome of the war and a just peace for the belligerent parties. H9-12.WH.8.C

The student explains the causes and events of both the February Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, including widespread violence and the assassinations of the Romanovs. H9-12.WH.8.D

The student explains the physical, moral, psychological, and political effects of World War I on European society. H9-12.WH.8.E

The student explains the growing international role of the Middle East during the 20th Century, including the fall of the Ottoman Empire and rise of a secular Turkish state, the Balfour Declaration, the Palestine Mandate, and the importance of oil fields. H9-12.WH.8.F

The student explains the major causes of the Great Depression and the responses of various economic thinkers and governments, including John Maynard Keynes, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich von Hayek, and Milton Friedman. H9-12.WH.8.G

The student explains the main communist principles within the Soviet Union, the roles of Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Josef Stalin, the use of terror, and the violations of the rights and the murder of millions of people under communist rule, including the Holodomor, the invasion of Poland, and the gulag archipelago. H9-12.WH.8.H

The student explains the main fascist principles within Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan, the roles of Benito Mussolini and Hideki Tojo, the use of terror, and the violations of the rights of and the murder of millions of people under fascist rule, including the invasion of Ethiopia, the Nanjing Massacre, and the impact on Italian occupied Africa and Japanese occupied China and south-east Asian nations. H9-12.WH.8.I

The student explains the impact of National Socialism within Germany and the role of Adolf Hitler in using German democratic processes to take power, to consolidate political power within Germany, to expand Germany’s borders, to conduct an industrial age war, and to carry out the Holocaust. H9-12.WH.8.J

The student explains the general causes of World War II as well as the particular series of events that led to the outbreak of war in 1939, including the perceived injustice of the Versailles Treaty and its subsequent violations by Germany, the annexations of Austria and Czechoslovakia, the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, and the invasions of Poland. H9-12.WH.8.K

The student explains the figures, warfare, strategies, and major events of World War II, including the invasions of Poland and France, Battle of Britain, Operation Barbarossa, Pearl Harbor, Stalingrad, Guadalcanal, fighting in North Africa and Italy, D-Day, Okinawa, the atomic bombings, and the role of America. H9-12.WH.8.L

The student explains the physical, moral, psychological, and political effects of World War II and the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers. H9-12.WH.8.M

The student explains the ends and means of the Marshall Plan and the United Nations. H9-12.WH.8.N

The student explains the founding of the modern state of Israel and subsequent events in the Middle East. H9-12.WH.8.O

The student explains the major events of the Chinese Civil War. H9-12.WH.9.A

The student explains the ideas and tactics used by the Soviet Union and the United States in the early decades of the Cold War, including the growth of intelligence agencies. H9-12.WH.9.B

The student explains the main communist principles within Communist China, the role of Mao Zedong, the use of terror, and the violations of the rights and the murder of millions of people under communist rule, including the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square. H9-12.WH.9.C

The student explains the various uprisings and proxy wars that were part of the Cold War, including the Greek Civil War, the Korean War, the Hungarian uprising, the Cuban Revolution, the Vietnam War, Cambodian genocide, the Prague Spring, and the Afghan-Soviet War. H9-12.WH.9.D

The student explains the major events in the decolonization of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. H9-12.WH.9.E

The student explains the rise in economic productivity during the late 20th Century and its effects on the standard of living across the world. E9-12.WH.9.F

The student explains the cultural revolution and protests across much of Europe in the 1960s and 1970s. H9-12.WH.9.G

The student explains the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, including the weakness of the command economy, policies of United States President Ronald Reagan, local resistance, and the roles of Aleksander Solzhenitsyn, Michael Gorbachev, John Paul II, Vaclav Havel, and Lech Walesa. H9-12.WH.9.H

The student identifies and explains the various conflicts since the end of the Cold War, including in Northern Ireland, the Balkans, Sudan and Rwanda, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Kashmir, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Syria. H9-12.WH.9.I

The student explains the end of apartheid in South Africa and the role of Nelson Mandela. H9-12.WH.9.J

The student explains the globalization of world economies, technology, and communications during the late 20th Century and early 21st Century. HE9-12.WH.9.K

The student explains the formation of the European Union, the growing role of Asian nations in the global economy, and the power of nongovernmental organizations. HE 9-12.WH.9.L

The student explains the causes of the 2008 financial crisis. HE9-12.WH.9.M

The student describes the present-day economies, social and governmental structures, cultures, and ways of life in the following regions, including the several key forms of government within each region: Middle East, Norther Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Oceana, North America, Central America, South America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the Balkans, Australia. HCGE9-12.WH.9.N