Geography and History of the World: Grades 9, 10, 11, 12

Cultural Hearths

  • 1.

    Use maps, timelines, and other graphic representations to identify and describe the location, distribution, and main events in the development of culture hearths in Asia, Mesoamerica, and North Africa.GHW.1.1

  • 2.

    Analyze agricultural hearths and exchanges of crops among regions. Evaluate the impact of agriculture on the subsequent development of cultural hearths in various regions of the world.GHW.1.2

  • 3.

    Identify and describe the factors that explain how the local and regional human and physical environments of selected culture hearths were modified over time in terms of such features as urban development and agricultural activities.GHW.1.3

World Religions

  • 1.

    Map the development over time of world religions from their points of origin, and identify those that exhibit a high degree of local and/or international concentration.GHW.2.1

  • 2.

    Analyze and assess the rise of fundamentalist movements in the world's major religions during contemporary times (1980–present), and describe the relationships between religious fundamentalism and the secularism and modernism associated with the Western tradition.GHW.2.2

Population Characteristics, Distribution, and Migration

  • 1.

    Map and analyze the distribution of the world's human population for different time periods, noting the population characteristics and population density for specific regions.GHW.3.1

  • 2.

    Identify and describe the push-pull factors that resulted in the migration of human population over time, and detect changes in these factors.GHW.3.2

  • 3.

    Analyze the changes in population characteristics and physical and human environments that resulted from the migration of peoples within, between, and among world regions.GHW.3.3

  • 4.

    Give examples of and evaluate how the physical and human environments in different regions have changed over time due to significant population growth or decline.GHW.3.4

  • 5.

    Analyze population trends in the local community, and suggest the impact of these trends on the future of the community in relation to issues such as development, employment, health, cultural diversity, schools, political representation, and sanitation.GHW.3.5

Exploration, Conquest, Imperialism, and Post Colonialism

  • 1.

    Analyze and assess ways that colonialism and imperialism have persisted and continue to evolve in the contemporary world.GHW.4.1

Urban Growth

  • 1.

    Ask and answer geographic and historic questions about the origin and growth of towns, cities, and metropolitan areas in different regions of the world and in different time periods. Compare and contrast the factors involved in the location and growth of towns and cities for different time periods.GHW.5.1

  • 2.

    Describe, using a variety of texts (writing, maps, timelines, and/or other graphic representations), the worldwide trend toward urbanization and the changing function of cities. Assess the impact of factors such as locational advantages and disadvantages, changing transportation technologies, population growth, changing agricultural production, and the demands of industry on this trend.GHW.5.2

Innovation and Revolutions

  • 1.

    Distinguish between violent and non-violent revolution(s). Use a variety of text (writing, maps, timelines and/or other graphic representations) to document the spread of political ideas that resulted from those revolutions to other regions of the world.GHW.6.1

  • 2.

    Use a variety of texts (writing, maps, timelines, and/or other graphic representations) to show the origin and spread of specific innovations. Assess the impact of these innovations on the human and physical environments of the regions to which they spread.GHW.6.2

  • 3.

    Map the spread of innovative art forms and scientific thought from their origins to other world regions. Analyze how the spread of these ideas influenced developments in art and science for different places and regions of the world.GHW.6.3

  • 4.

    Compare and contrast the impact of the Industrial Revolution on developed countries with the economic processes acting upon less developed and developing countries in the contemporary world.GHW.6.4

Conflict and Cooperation

  • 1.

    Recognize that conflict and cooperation among groups of people occur for a variety of reasons, including nationalist, racial, ethnic, religious, political, economic, and resource concerns that generally involve agreements and disagreements related to territory on Earth's surface.GHW.7.1

  • 2.

    Analyze the physical and human factors involved in conflicts and violence related to nationalist, racial, ethnic, religious, economic, political, and/or resource issues in various parts of the world, over time. Assess the human and physical environmental consequences of the conflicts identified for study.GHW.7.2

  • 3.

    Prepare a variety of texts (writing, maps, timelines, and/or other graphic representations) to trace the development and geographic extent of a variety of regional and global cooperative organizations during different time periods. Describe their establishment and assess their success or lack of success, consequences for citizens, and the role of particular countries in achieving the goals the organizations were established to accomplish.GHW.7.3

Trade and Commerce

  • 1.

    Use maps to show the location and distribution of Earth's resources, and analyze how this distribution affects trade between and among countries and regions.GHW.8.1

  • 2.

    Prepare graphic representations, such as maps, tables, and timelines, to describe the global movement of goods and services between and among countries and world regions over time. Analyze and assess the patterns and networks of economic interdependence or lack of interdependence.GHW.8.2

  • 3.

    Analyze the impact of changing global patterns of trade and commerce on the state and local community, and predict the impact of these patterns in the future.GHW.8.3

Human and Environmental Interactions: Resources, Hazards, and Health

  • 1.

    Use maps to identify regions in the world where particular natural disasters occur frequently, and analyze how the physical and human environments have been modified over time in response to environmental threats. Assess the success of international aid to these disasters.GHW.9.1

  • 2.

    Identify and describe ways in which humans have used technology to modify the physical environment in order to settle areas in different world regions, and evaluate the impact of these technologies on the physical and human environments affected.GHW.9.2

  • 3.

    Distinguish and assess the human and physical factors associated with the spread of selected epidemics and/or pandemics over time, and propose strategies for limiting the spread of diseases.GHW.9.3

States, Nations, and Nation-States

  • 1.

    Differentiate between a state (country) and a nation, specifically focusing on the concepts of territorial control and self-determination of internal and foreign affairs, and analyze the relationship between nations and the states in which they lie.GHW.10.1

  • 2.

    Use a variety of data, such as atlases, written materials, and statistical source materials to identify countries of the world that are true nation-states, and draw conclusions about why certain regions of the world contain more nation-states than others.GHW.10.2

  • 3.

    Analyze the human and physical geographic forces that either bind and unite (centripetal forces) or divide (centrifugal forces) a country or countries. Predict the impact of these forces on the future of these countries, and analyze possible strategies that could be implemented to overcome the impact of centrifugal forces.GHW.10.3

Sports, Recreation, and Tourism

  • 1.

    Analyze the impact of tourism on the physical and human environments of selected world regions. Predict the environmental impact of a continued growth in tourism in these regions.GHW.11.1

Global Change

  • 1.

    Analyze global climate change forecasts for different parts of Earth and the implications of these changes for humans.GHW.12.1

  • 2.

    Explain the concepts of linear and exponential growth, and apply these concepts to geographical themes while analyzing the consequences of various human responses.GHW.12.2

  • 3.

    Evaluate the emerging trends toward reducing environmental footprints.GHW.12.3

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
When were these standards adopted?
2023

Keep exploring

Sibling grade bands, other subjects in this jurisdiction, and the same subject across other states.