Developmental Domain 3: Language Development, Communication, and Literacy

Social CommunicationSC

  •  

    Children demonstrate the ability to engage with and maintain communication with others.

    1. 1

      Birth to 9 monthsSC.1

      1. 1

        Uses sounds, cries, facial expressions, and body language to convey needsSC.1.1

      2. 2

        Attempts to engage in early forms of turn-taking with caregiver, e.g., coos and stares at caregiverSC.1.2

      3. 3

        Smiles and uses other facial expressions to initiate interactions with caregiverSC.1.3

      4. 4

        Participates in back-and-forth communication, e.g., babbles back and forth and/or plays peek-a-boo with caregiverSC.1.4

    2. 2

      7 months to 18 monthsSC.2

      1. 1

        Communicates and responds by grunting, nodding, and pointingSC.2.1

      2. 2

        Demonstrates understanding of a familiar sound or word, e.g., looks toward a caregiver after hearing nameSC.2.2

      3. 3

        Responds with “yes” or “no,” using sounds, words, and/or gestures to answer simple questionsSC.2.3

      4. 4

        Uses facial expressions, vocalizations, and gestures to initiate interactions with othersSC.2.4

      5. 5

        Participates in simple back-and-forth communication, using words and/or gesturesSC.2.5

    3. 3

      16 months to 24 monthsSC.3

      1. 1

        Engages in short back-and-forth interactions with familiar others using verbal and nonverbal communication, e.g., says or signs “more” after each time a caregiver completes an action the child is enjoyingSC.3.1

      2. 2

        Initiates and engages in social interaction with simple words and actionsSC.3.2

      3. 3

        Connects gestures and/or sounds to comment about a familiar object, e.g., makes a crying sound after the caregiver hugs a baby doll and says, “Hush, baby”SC.3.3

      4. 4

        Pays attention to the person communicating for a brief period of timeSC.3.4

      5. 5

        Demonstrates an understanding of turn-taking in conversations, e.g., asks and answers simple questionsSC.3.5

    4. 4

      21 months to 36 monthsSC.4

      1. 1

        Responds verbally to an adult’s questions or commentsSC.4.1

      2. 2

        Begins to make formal requests or responses based on his or her context and cultureSC.4.2

      3. 3

        Uses repetition to maintain the conversation and obtain responses from familiar othersSC.4.3

      4. 4

        Communicates related ideas when in interactions with othersSC.4.4

      5. 5

        Uses “w” questions to initiate and expand conversations, e.g., “who,” “what,” “why” SC.4.5

      6. 6

        Initiates and engages others using meaningful objects or ideas, e.g., points out his/her artwork or favorite toy to a caregiver to begin conversing SC.4.6

Receptive CommunicationRC

  •  

    Children demonstrate the ability to comprehend both verbal and nonverbal communication.

    1. 1

      Birth to 9 monthsRC.1

      1. 1

        Responds to sounds found in the environment, e.g., cries if hears a loud bang, will turn toward a familiar voiceRC.1.1

      2. 2

        Calms down when crying after hearing a soothing and familiar voice or receiving physical reassurance, e.g., a hug or gentle pats on backRC.1.2

      3. 3

        Looks or turns toward the familiar person who says his or her nameRC.1.3

      4. 4

        Responds to gestures, e.g., waves hello after a familiar person waves to him or her RC.1.4

    2. 2

      7 months to 18 monthsRC.2

      1. `1

        Engages in joint attention with a caregiver, e.g., joins in looking at the same object or shifts gaze to where someone is pointingRC.2.1

      2. 2

        Follows a one-step, simple request when a gesture is usedRC.2.2

      3. 3

        Responds appropriately to familiar words, e.g., hears the words “so big,” and puts arms in air RC.2.3

      4. 4

        Understands approximately 100 words relevant to their experiences and cultural contextRC.2.4

    3. 3

      16 months to 24 monthsRC.3

      1. 1

        Recognizes and demonstrates understanding of familiar pictures, people, and objects, e.g., says “mama” while pointing to motherRC.3.1

      2. 2

        Understands simple commands and questions and can follow two-step requests with the support of gestures and promptingRC.3.2

      3. 3

        Demonstrates understanding of familiar words or phrases by responding appropriately, e.g., sits in chair after hearing it is snack timeRC.3.3

      4. 4

        Points to body parts when promptedRC.3.4

      5. 5

        Responds to personal pronouns, e.g., me, her, himRC.3.5

    4. 4

      21 months to 36 monthsRC.4

      1. 1

        Names most objects and people in a familiar environmentRC.4.1

      2. 2

        Comprehends compound statements and can follow multi-step directionsRC.4.2

      3. 3

        Demonstrates understanding of a story by reacting with sounds, facial expressions, and physical movement, e.g., laughing, widening eyes, or clappingRC.4.3

      4. 4

        Understands simple sentences or directions with prepositions, e.g., “Put cup in sink”RC.4.4

      5. 5

        Responds verbally and/or nonverbally to comments or questions while engaged in conversations with both peers and adultsRC.4.5

Expressive CommunicationEC

  •  

    Children demonstrate the ability to understand and convey thoughts through both nonverbal and verbal expression.

    1. 1

      Birth to 9 monthsEC.1

      1. 1

        Cries to signal hunger, pain, or distressEC.1.1

      2. 2

        Uses smiles and other facial expressions to initiate social contactEC.1.2

      3. 3

        Coos and uses physical movements to engage familiar othersEC.1.3

      4. 4

        Babbles and experiments with all types of sounds (two-lip sounds: “p,” “b,” “m”) EC.1.4

      5. 5

        Combines different types of babblesEC.1.5

      6. 6

        Begins to point to objects in his/her environmentEC.1.6

    2. 2

      7 months to 18 monthsEC.2

      1. 1

        Babbles using the sounds of the home language EC.2.1

      2. 2

        Creates long, babbled sentences EC.2.2

      3. 3

        Uses nonverbal communication to express ideas, e.g., waves bye-bye, signs “more” when eatingEC.2.3

      4. 4

        Utters first words; these words are for familiar objects and people, e.g., “mama,” “bottle”EC.2.4

      5. 5

        Names a few familiar objects in his/her environmentEC.2.5

      6. 6

        Uses one word to convey a message, e.g., “milk” for “I want milk” EC.2.6

    3. 3

      16 months to 24 monthsEC.3

      1. 1

        Uses more words than gestures when speakingEC.3.1

      2. 2

        Repeats overheard wordsEC.3.2

      3. 3

        Has a vocabulary of approximately 80 wordsEC.3.3

      4. 4

        Begins to use telegraphic speech , consisting of phrases with words left out, e.g., “baby sleep” for “The baby is sleeping”EC.3.4

    4. 4

      21 months to 36 monthsEC.4

      1. 1

        Speaks in three-word utterances, e.g., “I want ball”EC.4.1

      2. 2

        Begins to use pronouns and prepositions, e.g., “He took my toy” and “on the table” EC.4.2

      3. 3

        Makes mistakes, which signal that he or she is working out complex grammar rulesEC.4.3

      4. 4

        Uses adjectives in speech, e.g., “blue car”EC.4.4

      5. 5

        Uses simple sentences, e.g., “I want the yellow cup”EC.4.5

      6. 6

        Has a vocabulary of more than 300 wordsEC.4.6

Early LiteracyEL

  •  

    Children demonstrate interest in and comprehension of printed materials.

    1. 1

      Birth to 9 monthsEL.1

      1. 1

        Shows awareness of printed materials, e.g., stares at a picture in a bookEL.1.1

      2. 2

        Reaches out to grasp and mouth booksEL.1.2

      3. 3

        Uses multiple senses to explore books, e.g., explores books with different texturesEL.1.3

      4. 4

        Uses hands to manipulate printed materials, e.g., attempts to turn pages of a board book, grasps objects in handsEL.1.4

      5. 5

        Points or makes sounds while looking at picture booksEL.1.5

      6. 6

        Focuses attention while looking at printed materials for brief periods of timeEL.1.6

    2. 2

      7 months to 18 monthsEL.2

      1. 1

        Points to pictures in a book and reacts, e.g., smiles when sees a picture of a dogEL.2.1

      2. 2

        Initiates literacy activities, e.g., gestures toward a book or attempts to turn pages of a paper book or magazineEL.2.2

      3. 3

        Imitates gestures and sounds during activities, e.g., hand actions during singing, babbles as caregiver reads bookEL.2.3

      4. 4

        Increases ability to focus for longer periods of time on printed materialsEL.2.4

      5. 5

        Grasps objects and attempts to scribble, e.g., makes a slight mark with a crayon on a piece of paperEL.2.5

    3. 3

      16 months to 24 monthsEL.3

      1. 1

        Turns the pages of a board book, one by oneEL.3.1

      2. 2

        Points to familiar pictures and actions in booksEL.3.2

      3. 3

        Repeats familiar words in a book when being read toEL.3.3

      4. 4

        Begins to anticipate what may happen next in a familiar book, e.g., generates sounds and movements and/or uses words for picturesEL.3.4

      5. 5

        Randomly scribblesEL.3.5

      6. 6

         Identifies a favorite book and signals familiar others to read with him or her, e.g., brings the book over, or points and gesturesEL.3.6

    4. 4

      21 months to 36 monthsEL.4

      1. 1

        Imitates adult role when engages with printed materials, e.g., pretends to read a book or newspaper to stuffed animals or dollsEL.4.1

      2. 2

        Participates in early literacy activities independently, e.g., sits in a reading nook and browses through the pagesEL.4.2

      3. 3

        Recites parts of a book from memoryEL.4.3

      4. 4

        Scribbles in a more orderly fashion and begins to name what he or she has drawnEL.4.4

      5. 5

        Expresses what happens next when reading a familiar book with a caregiver, e.g., uses gestures, words, and/or soundsEL.4.5

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
PRE-K