Biology

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Construct an explanation of how the structures of DNA and RNA lead to the expression of information within the cell via the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.SB2.a

Construct an argument based on evidence to support the claim that inheritable genetic variations may result from:<ul><li>new genetic combinations through meiosis (crossing over, nondisjunction);</li><li>non-lethal errors occurring during replication (insertions, deletions, substitutions); and/or</li><li>heritable mutations caused by environmental factors (radiation, chemicals, and viruses).</li></ul>SB2.b

Ask questions to gather and communicate information about the use and ethical considerations of biotechnology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture.SB2.c

Use Mendel's laws (segregation and independent assortment) to ask questions and define problems that explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability.SB3.a

Use mathematical models to predict and explain patterns of inheritance.SB3.b

Construct an argument to support a claim about the relative advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.SB3.c

Construct an argument supported by scientific information to explain patterns in structures and function among clades of organisms, including the origin of eukaryotes by endosymbiosis. Clades should include:<ul><li>archaea</li><li>bacteria</li><li>eukaryotes<ul><li>fungi</li><li>plants</li><li>animals</li></ul></li></ul>SB4.a

Analyze and interpret data to develop models (i.e., cladograms and phylogenetic trees) based on patterns of common ancestry and the theory of evolution to determine relationships among major groups of organisms.SB4.b

Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence to compare and contrast the characteristics of viruses and organisms.SB4.c

Plan and carry out investigations and analyze data to support explanations about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems.SB5.a

Develop and use models to analyze the cycling of matter and flow of energy within ecosystems through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.<ul><li>Arranging components of a food web according to energy flow.</li><li>Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.</li><li>Explaining the need for cycling of major biochemical elements (C, O, N, P, and H).</li></ul>SB5.b

Construct an argument to predict the impact of environmental change on the stability of an ecosystem.SB5.c

Design a solution to reduce the impact of a human activity on the environment.SB5.d

Construct explanations that predict an organism's ability to survive within changing environmental limits (e.g., temperature, pH, drought, fire).SB5.e

Construct an explanation of how new understandings of Earth's history, the emergence of new species from pre-existing species, and our understanding of genetics have influenced our understanding of biology.SB6.a

Analyze and interpret data to explain patterns in biodiversity that result from speciation.SB6.b

Construct an argument using valid and reliable sources to support the claim that evidence from comparative morphology (analogous vs. homologous structures), embryology, biochemistry (protein sequence) and genetics support the theory that all living organisms are related by way of common descent.SB6.c

Develop and use mathematical models to support explanations of how undirected genetic changes in natural selection and genetic drift have led to changes in populations of organisms.SB6.d

Develop a model to explain the role natural selection plays in causing biological resistance (e.g., pesticides, antibiotic resistance, and influenza vaccines).SB6.e